26o Landscape Gardening 



a very flat bottom in a firm soil, that the sides may never be 

 falling in to impede the flow of water, and that there may not 

 b'e anything like httle stagnant pools in them. They shovdd 

 each have a sufficient fall by running down the natural slope 

 of the land, and the main drains, being the general recep- 

 tacles, ought to have a somewhat quicker fall than the rest. 

 If the ground be very flat, a fall must be obtained by cutting 

 the drains deeper at one end than the other. 



It is particularly requisite that a good and sufficient out- 

 fall for discharging from a place all the water that accumu- 



Figs. 72 and 73. Cross Sections of Drains. 



lates by drainage be secured and be under due control. 

 Where it is dependent en a neighbor, or the owner of another 

 property, it will always be exposed to interruption and 

 hazard. Efforts should consequently be made to preserve 

 its independence. In these days of attention to sewerage, 

 the common sewer which receives the refuse water from the 

 house will be an excellent medium for taking away the soak- 

 age from the land, if this can be at all readily contrived. 



2. Clearings. — In forming a new place there are often clear- 

 ings to be made, and sometimes the removal of trees becomes 

 as important a matter as their planting in other places. 

 Where woodlands reach the magnitude of forests it will 



