52 



NATURE 



[March 9, 1916 



— C. Houlbert and C. Galaine : The causes of inclusion 

 of foreign material (chatnbrage) in oysters. This 

 phenomenon is caused by a deficiency of organic nutri- 

 ment, and means are suggested for dealing with oyster- 

 beds to prevent its occurrence. 



BOOKS RECEIVED. 



The Carnegie United Kingdom Trust. Second 

 Annual Report. Pp. 73. (Edinburgh : T. and A. 

 Constable.) 



Year Book of the Royal Society, 19 16. Pp. 238. 

 (London : Harrison and Sons.) 55. 



Carnegie Institution of Washington. Year Book, 

 No. 14, 1915. Pp. xii4-429. (Washington : Carnegie 

 Institution.) 



Psychological Effects of Alcohol. By R. Dodge and 

 F. G. Benedict. Pp. 281. (Washington : Carnegie 

 Institution.) 



Ptolemy's Catalogue of Stars: A Revision of the 

 Almagest. By Dr. C. H. F. Peters and E. B. Knobel. 

 Pp. iii-f-207. (Washington: Carnegie Institution.) 



Rural Arithmetic. By A. G. Ruston. Pp. xi + 431. 

 (London : University Tutorial Press, Ltd.) 35. 6d. 



The Year-Book of the Scientific and Learned Socie- 

 ties of Great Britain and Ireland, 1915. Pp. vi + 351. 

 (London : C. Grififin and Co., Ltd.) 75. 6d. net. 



A Text Book of Geology. Part i. Physical Geo- 

 logy. By Prof. L. V. Pirsson. Pp. vii + 444. (New 

 York : J. Wiley and Sons, Inc. ; London : Chapman 

 and Hall, Ltd.) lo^. net. 



Analytic Geometry. By Dr. H. B. Phillips. Pp. 

 vii+197. (New York: J. Wiley and Sons, Inc.; Lon- 

 don : Chapman and Hall, Ltd.) 6s. 6d. net. 



Mathematical Monographs. No. 16. Diophantine 

 Analysis. Bv R. D. Carmichael. Pp. vi+ii8. (New 

 York : J. Wiley and Sons, Inc. ; London : Chapman 

 and Hall, Ltd.) 5s. 6d. net. 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



THURSDAV March 9. 



Royal Society, at 4.30. — The Distribution of Intensity in Broadened 

 Sp-rtrum Li' es Prof. F. W. Nichol-on anH T. R. M. rton.— Prof. Joly's 

 MeihoH of avoiding Collision at "^ea Pr.f. H. C. Plummer.— Apparatus 

 for the Dcierniination of Gravity at St-a : Prof W. G Ouffi-Id. 



Royal Institution, at 3.— Recent Excavations in Mesopotamia — The 

 Southern Capital. Bahylon : Pr..f L. W. Ki"g. 



Institution OF Electrical Engineers, at 8. — Continuous-current Rail- 

 way Motors : E. V. Pai.n-ll. 



Optical Society, at 8. -A "Simple FocoTieter for the Determination of 

 Short (i"ocaI Lengths both Negative and Positive: l'. F. Connolly.— The 

 Manufacture and Te-ting of Prismatic and other Compasses : F. E. 

 Smith. 



Mathematical Society, at 5.30. — Some Applications of General 

 Theorems of Tombinatory Analysis : Major P. A. Macmahon. — Mr. 

 Grace's Theorem on Six I ines with a Common Transversal : Prof H. F. 

 Baker. — T^e Integrals of a certain RiC' ati Equation connect d with 

 Halpheri> Transfoimati m : H. E. J. C irzon. — A Certain Plam^ Sextic : 

 Miss Hilda P. Hudson. — The Construction of Co-apola' Triads on a 

 Cubic i u ve : Dr. W. P. Milne. — The Dynamical Equations of the 

 Tides : J. Bondman. 



FRIDAY, March 10. 



Royal Institution, at 5.30. — Illusions of the Upper Air: Sir Napier 

 Shaw. 



Royal Astronomical Society, at 5. — General Soluti'-n of Hill's Equa- 

 tion : E. Lindsay In-e. — Distribution of Star ClustTS : O. R. VValkey. — 

 Mean Areas and H>-liographic Latitudes of Sun-spots in 1914 : Rojal 

 Ob-:ervatory, Green >ich. — Remarks on the Formation of Sun-spots : K. 

 Henr .t^au. — Calculation of longitude from Moon and Moon-culminating 

 Stars: F. J. Broadbent.— Observations of Jupiter: F. Sarge t. — 

 Statisiics ot Minor Planet* H. C. Plimimer. — Faint Stars with large 

 Proper .viot ons (ninth note) F. 1. Pocock. — Longitudes of Jupiter's 

 Satellites: W de Suter.—ProMi/f Pafie's: The Nature of the Coroiiiuni 

 At m : J. W. Nicholson. —The Eclipsing Hilary T T Aurigae : C. Martin 

 and H. C. Plummer.— Note on Bright Meteors: H. C. Plumm«r. — 

 B-xenlell's Observations of Variable Stars, T. Herculis : H H. Turner 

 and M. A. Blagg. 



Physical Society, at 5.— Experiments Illustrating the Flow of Heat in 

 Conducting Sheets : S. Ski ner. —The Absorpii .n of Gas by a Quartz 

 Vacuum Tube : Dr. R. S. Willows and H. T. George. 



SATURDAY, March ii. 



Royal Institution, at 3. — Radi.itions from Atoms and Electrons: Sir 

 J. J. Thomson. 



NO. 2419, VOL. 97] 



TUESnAY, March 14. 

 Royal Institution, at 3. -^ Sea Power as a Factor in the Evolution of 

 Modern Races : Prof. A. Keith. 



IVEDNESDAY. March 13. 

 Royal Meteorological Society, at 7.30. — Th« Meteorology of the 



Globe in 1911 : Sir Napier .Sh.-iw. 

 RovAL Soi iKTV of Arts at 4.30.— Forestry and the War : E. P. Stebbing. 

 Faraday Society, at 8. — Discussion on Methods and Appliances for thr 



Attainment of High Temperatur. s in the Laboratory. Opener : Dr J. A. 



Harker. 

 RoYAi MiCRO.scopiCAL SOCIETY, at 8. — Original Factors in Evolution; 



Pi of. J. Arthur Thomson. — The Supposed Exhibition of Purpose and 



Intelligence by the Foraminifera : Sir E. Ray Lankester. 

 Entomological Society, at 8. 



/•fiUXsPAV, March i6.. 

 RovAL Institution, at 3. — Organic Products used as Propulsive and 



Explosive Agents : P of. H. E Armstrong. 

 Institution of Electrical Engineers, at 8.— The Po sibilities in the 



Design ot Continuous-current Traction Motors: N. W. Storer. — The Use 



of Direct Current for Terminal and Trunk Line Electrification : N. W. 



Storer. 

 LiNNEAN Society, at 5.— Resemblance between African Butte' flies of the 



genus Charaxes; a New Form of vlimicry: Prof. E. B. P .ulton. — Notes 



on Plants c lle^ ted in Sikkim, including the Kal mpong district : C. C. 



Lacaita. — Exhibition of Species of Kibes and iheir Garden Derivation: 



E. B'>nyard. — Early Botanical Exploration of North .America : B. Daydon 



Jackson. 

 Child Study Society, at 6.— The Unconscious Mental Life of the Child : 



Die. E. Jones. 



FRIDAY, March 17. 

 Royal Institution, at 5.30. -The Search for New Coal Fields in England: 



Dr. A. Strahan. 

 Institution of Mechanical Enginfers, at 6. — The Composition of the 



Exhaust from Liquid-fuel Engines : R. W. Fenning. 

 SATURDAY, March 18. 

 Royal Institution, at 3. — Radiation from Atoms and Electrons : Sir 



J. J. Thomson. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



History of Chemistry 



Relativity and Electrons. By W. W 



The Handworking of Iron and Steel. By H. C. H. C. 



Our Book!>helf 



Letters to the Editor: — 



The Method of '"urves.— Sydney Lupton 



Ground Ranbows.— C. T. Whitmell; Dr. C. G. 

 Knott . . 



Science and the State.— David Balsillie 



The National Importance of the Dye Industry . . . 

 Wo 'd Pulp* for Paper Making. By'C. F. Cross . . 

 Prof. J. W. Judd, C.B., F.R.S. By Prof. T. G. 



Bonney, F.R S 



Dr. Pierre Chappuis-Sarasin. By Dr. J. A. Harker, 



F.R.S. 



A Commonwealth Institute of Science and Industry 



Notes 



Our Astronomical Column :— 



The Solar Activity . 



Comet 1916a (Neiijmin) 



Comet 1915^ (Taylor) 



The Orbit of VV ( >rionis 



Obst-rvalions of Variable Stars .... • 



Sea-Spidcrs atid Feaihcr-Stars 



Chemists and their Tiaining 



Reports of Carnegie Foundations 



The Support of ihc Himalaya. By R. D. Oldham, 



F.R.S 



University and Educational Intelligence 



Societies and Academies 



Books '<eceived 



Diary of Societies 



29 

 30 



32 



34 

 34 

 34 

 35 



37 



40 



46 

 46 

 46 

 46 

 46 



47 

 48 



48 

 49 

 50 



52 

 52 



Editorial and Publishing Offices: 



MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., 



ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON, W.C. 



Advertisevunts and business letters to be addressed to tht 

 Publishers 



Editorial Communications to the Editor, 

 Telegraphic Address : Phusis, London. 

 ' Telephone Number : Ohrrarp 8830. 



