396 



NATURE 



[July 6, 191 6 



author extends his former" work on " The Origin of 

 Corals Reefs " to include the explanation of the clifts 

 of exceptional reef-encircled islands, of which no 

 adequate explanation has previously been ^"^iven. — C. D. 

 Perrine : Some relations between the proper motions, 

 radial velocities, and magnitudes of stars of Classes B 

 and A. The velocity distribution of classes B-B5 apd 

 A differ from the distributions found for the F, G, K, 

 and M classes by Kapteyn and Adams. — C. D. Perrine : 

 Asymmetry in the proper motions and radial velocities 

 of stars of Class B and their possible relation to a 

 motion of rotation. Stars of Class B show differences 

 in the proper motions in the two regions of the Milky 

 Way at right angles to the direction of solar motion ; 

 the differences appear to be best explained by a general 

 motion of rotation of the system of stars in a retro- 

 grade direction about an axis perpendicular to the 

 Milky Way. — E. B. Wilson : Theory of an aeroplane 

 encountering gusts. The longitudinal motion of an 

 aeroplane encountering" head-on, vertical, or rotary 

 gusts is discussed by the method of small oscillations. 

 An inherently stable machine striking a head gust of 

 J ft. per second soars to an altitude of about 4I j ft. 

 above its initial level, and, after executing oscillations, 

 remains about 35 J ft. above the original level. — T. 

 Michelson : Terms of relationship and social organisa- 

 tion. From the point of view of Algonquian tribes 

 terms of relationship are linguistic and disseminative 

 phenomena, though in other cases they may be 

 primarily psychological and sociological. 



BOOKS RECEIVED. 



Department of the Interior. Bureau of Education. 

 Report of the Commissioner of Education for the 

 year ended June 30, 1915. Vol. i. Pp. XX-H780. 

 (Washington : Government Printing Office.) 



Library of Congress. Report of the Librarian of 

 Congress and Report of the Superintendent of the 

 Library Building and Qrounds, for the fiscal year 

 ending June 30, igiS- Pp. 231. (Washington: 

 Government Printing Office.) 



Smithsonian Institution. U.S. National Museum. 

 Report on the Progress and Condition of the U.S. 

 National Museum for the year ending June 30, 1915. 

 Pp. 215. (Washington : Government Printing Office.) 



Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological 

 Survey. Thirty-sixth Annual Report of the Director 

 of the U.S. Geological Survey for the fiscal year 

 ended June 30, 1915. (Washington : Government 

 Printing Office.) 



Report on the Progress of Agriculture in India for 

 .1914-15. Pp. ii-h82. (Calcutta : Superintendent, 

 Government Printing.) 6d. 



Government of India. Bureau of Education. 

 Indian Education in 1914-15. Pp. 77. (Calcutta : 

 Superintendent, Government Printing.) 35. 



Jahrbuch des Norwegischen Meteorologischen In- 

 stituts fiir 1915. Pp. xi + 140. (Kristiania : Gron- 

 dahl and Son.) 



Nedbdriagttagelser I Norge utgit av Det Norske 

 Meteorologiske Institut. Pp. xi + 66. -(Kristiania: 

 Aschehoug and Co.) Kr.3.00. 



• The Heat Treatment of Tool Steel. By H. Brear- 

 ley. Second edition. Pp. xv+223. (London: Long- 

 mans and Co.) los. 6d. net. 



Macmillan's Greographical Exercise Books. V. Asia 

 and Australasia, with questions by B. C. Wallis. 

 Pp. 48. (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) yd. 



Theorv of Errors and Least Squares. By Le Roy 

 D. Weld. Pp. xii + iQO. (New York: The Macmillan 

 Co.; London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd.) 55. 6d.net. 



Vinegar: Its Manufacture and Examination. By 



NO. 2436, VOL. 97] 



C. A. Mitchell. Pp. xvi + 201. (London: C. Griffin 

 and Co., Ltd.) 8s. 6d. net. 



Department of Commerce. U.S. Coast and Geo- 

 detic Survey. Serial No. 21 : Results of Observations 

 made at the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Mag- 

 netic Observatory near Honolulu, Hawaii, 1913 and 

 1914. Pp. 105. (Washington : Government Printing 

 Office.) 



Summary Report of the Geological Survey, Depart- 

 ment of Mines, for the Calendar Year 1915. Pp. viii 

 + 307. (Ottawa : J. de L. Tach^.) 15 cents. 



Canada. Department of Mines. Geological Survey, 

 Memoir 79 : Ore Deposits of the Beaverdell Map 

 Area. By L. Reinecke. Pp. v+ 178. (Ottawa : 

 Government Printing Bureau.) 



City and Guilds of London Institute. Report of 

 the Council to the Members of the Institute. Pp. 

 xlv+ii2. (London: Gresham College.) 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



FRIDA y, July 7. 

 Gbologists' Association, at 7.30. — Geology and Scenerj- of the Cardiff 

 District : Prof. T. F. Sibly. 



CONTENTS. PAoi 



» 



Occupation and Health. By F. A. B 377 



Experimental Spectroscopy 371 



Yorkshire Trout Flies 378 



Germany and Racial Characters 379 



Our Bookshelf 379 



Letters to the Editor:— 



Economic Geolocy and an Imperial Bureau of Scien- 

 tific Intelligence. — E. St. John Lyburn .... 380 



The Neglect of Science. — D. M 381 



Worlii-Time.— Dr. A. H. Mackay 381 



Birds' Songs and the Diatonic Scale.— C. O. Bartrum 381 



State Afforestation 381 



Scientific Development in Russia 382 



Mortality Tables and Preventive Medicine .... 383 



Tropical Diseases. By J. W. W, S 384 



The Mittag-Leffler Institute . . 384 



Notes 385 



Our Astronomical Column : — 



A June Meteoric Display 3^ 



The Visibility of Stars in Daylight 388 



The Large Meteorite of February 13,1915 388 



The Motion of the Nuclei of Coitiet 19I5<? (Taylor) . . 388 



On Centre — Limb Shifts of Solar Wave-lengths . . . 388 



Metallographic Methods in America 388 



Problems of Coral Reefs. By G. A. J. C 38$ 



Spectra in Electric Fields. By R. S. W 389 



Science in Education and Industry 39O 



Science and the Brewing Industry. By Dr. Horace 



T. Brown, F.R.S. ... .390 



The Plains of Northern India and their Relation- 

 ship to the Himalaya Mountains. By Sir Sidney 



Burrard, K. C.S.I. , F.R.S 391 



University and Educational Intelligence 393 



Societies and Academies 394 



Books Received 396 



Diary of Societies 396 



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Editorial Communications to the Editor. 



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