ii6 ' A. D. 1786. 



37) Every afliftance fliall be given to the fufferers by fliipwreck upon 

 either coafl, by faving as much as poffible of the vefTel and goods, which 

 fhall be reftored to the owners on paying the fah'age according to a rate 

 fettled on both fides. 



38) The fubjeds of both powers are at full liberty to employ fuch ad- 

 vocates, attornies. Sec. as they may think fit. 



39) B.oth fovereigns promife to fupprefs and punifli pirates, and to re- 

 ftore all property, found in the pofTeflion of fuch, to the real owners. 



43) Both kings have the right of appointing confuls to refide in each 

 other's countries, who (hall enjoy all the privileges ufually annexed to 

 their office. 



44) The fubjefts of both powers are to enjoy as great indulgences in 

 loading and unloading vefTels, in the fafety of their property, the fuc- 

 ceflion to perfonal eftates *, and the protedlion and perfonal liberty of 

 individuals, as the fubjeds of the moll favoured nation. 



45) Any infradions of this treaty (hall not interrupt the mutual friend- 

 fliip ; but proper means Ihall be ufed to redrefs any inconveniencies that 

 may appear. 



46) It is agreed, that this treaty is to continue in force twelve years ; 

 after the expiration of which fuch alterations may be made as the com- 

 mercial interefts of both nations fhall be found to require. 



This might be faid to be the age of treaties of commerce. The 

 French foon after concluded a commercial treaty for a fimilar term of 

 twelve years with Ruffia f. Another was entered into between the Unit- 

 ed ftates of America and Pruffia. Another between Ruffia and Auftria, 

 whereby the fubjeds of the later are exempted from duties in the port 

 of Riga, and enjoy the privileges of natives, and a mutual redudion of 

 duties is agreed upon. And yet, with all this attention to the com- 

 mercial interefts of her fubjeds, the emprefs of Ruffia allowed the com- 

 mercial treaty v/ith Great Britain to expire on the 20'" of June this year ; 

 though the Englifh were the very firfi; civilized commercial people, who 

 found their way by fea to the coafts of Ruffiia, and though the trade with 

 Britain is more than equal to all the other foreign trade of Ruffia. 



The Dutch Eafl-India company, heretofore fo flouriffiing and power- 

 ful, who domineered in the Indian feas, and made the native fovereigns 

 of the rich Oriental iflands their Haves, were now fo much diftreffed as 

 to be preferved from bankruptcy only by great loans advanced by the 

 flate, in confequence of petitions prefented by them in the beginning 

 of this year. 



engaged in war, while the other is at peace ; re- of Spain and the Two Sicilies were exempted from 

 gulations unconnefted with commercial -iffnirs, not it in the year 1 761 by the 2^'^ article of the Fa- 

 likely ever to have come into ufe, and which fuc- mily compaft. And it was totally abohilied in 

 cceding events have fully cancelled. March 1787. 



* This article annulls the droit d'aubaine with f The treaty between France and HoIlanS was 



lefpeA to all Britifh fubjefts. Thofc of the kings merely political. * 



