A, D. 1794. 323 



all the other flates taken together. — Manufiidures of cordage, from 

 cables down to pack-thread and twine, were well eftablifhed : as alfo 

 thofe of fail-cloth, coarfe linen, and other goods made of hemp and 

 flax, both which are cultivated in every one of the Hates. — Manufac- 

 tures of almoft all the variety of articles made from the fkins of ani- 

 mals, tanned, tawed, and made into parchment, and of glue made 

 from the refufe of the Ikins, have been long, and generally, eftablifh- 

 ed. — The variety of articles wanted for the purpofes of agriculture, 

 nails * and fpikes, anchors, iron work for fhip-building and for con- 

 flructing wheel carriages, many kinds of tools and houfehold utenfils, 



conflitute an important and increafing branch of manufactures . Works 



in moft of the other metals were alio in an advancing ftate. The man- 

 ufactures of wool and cotton, though upon the whole pretty confider- 

 able, were not yet carried on anywhere upon an extenfive fcale. — Hats, 

 which had been made on a confined fcale long before the revolution, 

 were now manufactured in great numbers, and of all qualities. — The 

 manufacture of paper of all kinds was coniiderable, and increafing ; as 

 was alfo the bufinefs of printing books, and that of ftaining paper for 

 hangings. — The refinement of fugar, v/hich had been long eftablifhed 

 in Philadelphia and fome other towns of Britifh America, needs only 

 to be mentioned, as being ftill one of the confiderable manufactures of 

 the United ftates. — The conftruCtion of all forts of wheel carriages has 

 alfo been long eftablifhed, and is now greatly improved by the acquifi- 

 tion of artificers from Europe, who make the plated work, brafs work, 



and other parts, which were formerly imported The very important 



manufacture of vefTels is much improved, and efpecially in Philadelphia, 

 though the builders of that port have very long had a character for the 

 beauty and velocity of their vefTels. The objection that American vef- 

 fels were foon worn out, being conftruCted of bad wood, which was 

 formerly very juft, is now obviated by the ufe of mulberry, live-oak, 

 and red cedar, of which materials nine tenths of their veflels in Phila- 

 delphia are now built. Such veflels, when their timbers are faked, as 

 they now very generally are, will laft thirty years ; and they can be 

 delivered, ready to take in the cargo, for eight guineas per tun. The 

 oak vefTels of New England may be had for ^^5 : 8 : o fterling per tun ; 

 but they are much inferior in many refpeCts, and efpecially in duration. 

 Almoft all the articles requifite for the furniture, tackle, apparel, and 

 arming of vefTels, are made in the United ftates. 



The returns of the veiTels built in the United ftates appear to be very 

 incomplete. 

 In the year ending in March l/QO they measured irom 17,000 to 18,000 tuns ; 



1791 they were about - 32,000 



In the year 1793 the vessels built in Philadelphia measured 8,145, 



and they were mostly built of live-oak and red cedar. 



* Mi.;;Uinery for cutting nails out of ruUcd iron has been invented in America by Meffieurs Folfom 

 and Brigg. 



Sf2 



