VZETTEER. 



niiig cotton yarn, wIik-Ii, along with linen yarn, is 

 made into checks and ftripes. Some (lockings are 

 made here ; and feveral people are employed in tan- 

 ning. Veflcls are built for this and other ports ; 

 and tlie antient bufinefs of boiling fait has been re- 

 fumed. Kirkcaldy may be reckoned the manufac- 

 turing and commercial capital ot the eaft part of 

 Fife, as Dunferniling is of the weft. But the in- 

 duftry of the people has unhappily been direfted to 

 the comparatively unprofitable manufatSure of lin- 

 en, -vvhich muft be made of materials, either im- 

 ported from ib-angers, who will furcly referve the 

 beft for their own manufafture, or more difadvan- 

 tageoufly obtained, and of worfe quality, by raif- 

 ing it at home upon the beft of the land proper for 

 bearing corn ; while they have almoft totally ne- 

 gleiSed the beneficial woolen manufafture, for which 

 the peninfula is peculiarly well adapted by the 

 atundance of coal and flreams of water, and a great 

 extent of ground in the interior part of the coun- 

 try much fitter for pafturage than for corn, toge- 

 ther with the benefit of all parts of the country 

 being near to water carriage. 



Kirkcudbright, the capital of the fhire of the 

 fame name, is a fmall town, with a good harbour 

 in the River Dee. It is almoft dry at low water, 

 but vefTels can lie at anchor lower down near the 

 Biouth of the river, with i6 feet at low water and 

 40 at high water. Of the veflels belonging to the 

 port, the two largeff are employed in foreign trade, 

 and the others in coafting, and carrj'ing falmon, 

 with which the river abounds. There are fome 

 cotton, and fome woolen, manufaftures, neither 

 very extenfive ; and fome fhipbuilding. 



KiRKHAM (Lan. E.) has a manufafture of fail- 

 cloth, for which the fliipfing of Liverpool make 

 an ample demand. 



KiR.KiNTt'LLOCH, {Dutih.S.) a thriving towH, 

 fcven miles from Clafgow, fituated on the great 

 canal, whereby it has the advantage of being in 

 fome degree a port for the adjacent country. It 

 lias fome manufaftures of linen and cotton, and a 

 cotton mill, erefted by Sir John Stirling, a public- 

 fpirited gentleman in the neighbourhood. 



Kirkwall, the capital of the Orkney iflands 

 and the ftiire of Orkney, is a pretty good town, 

 with a tolerable harbour, from which are exported 

 fome beef, pork, butter, tallow, hides, rabbit Ikins, 

 fait fifti, yarn, coarfe linen, and kelp, and fome- 

 times corn ; almoft all in vefTels belonging to Ork- 

 ney. 



Kirriemuir, {Forf. S.) an inland village, with 

 manufaftures of ofnaburgs and coarfe linens of va- 

 nous kinds to a confidcrable amount, and alfo (hoes, 

 for all which Dundee is the principal market. 



Knaresburgh, {Turk, W. R.) a town on the 

 River Nid, with manufaftures of (heeling and other 

 linens, and a very confidcrable corn maiket. 



Lanark, the capital of the (liire to which it 

 gives its name, is an antient decayed town, fituated 

 on the eaft bank of the Clyde, lately revived and 

 improved by the accefllon of a manufafturing vil- 

 lage, called Neiu Lauari, the creation of Mr. Da- 

 vid Dale, a public-fpirited citizen of Glafgow. The 

 manufaftures of the old town are — hofierj' ; fhoes 

 for exportation, fomewhat declined ; white thread; 

 fome brown linens. 



In the year 1785 Mr. Dale began to ereft hiV 

 works, which confift of four capital cotton mills, 

 all the machinerj' of which is driven by water drawn 

 from the Clyde. Along with the ufual fpinning 

 machinery and jennies there are alfo patent jennies, 

 invented, by Mr. Kelly, which are attended by 

 children. In the year 1793 there were employed 

 in thefe works, including niafons, carpenters, &c. 

 1334 people, more than half of them being under 

 13 years of age : and at the fame time Mr. Dale 

 employed 324 perfons in the neighbourhood in 

 v.'eaving, winding, &c. For the accommodation of 

 his people he built the village of New Lanark, 

 which in the year 1793 contained 1519 inhabit- 

 ants,* whereof three were fchoolmafters, retained 

 for the inftruftion of the young labourers, and alfo 

 the children who are too young for work, by the 

 benevolent proprietor, whofe paternal attention to 

 the health, education, and morals, of his great fa- 

 mily has been held forth as a model for fimilar in- 

 ftitutions. In the year 1799 Mr. Dale difpofed of 

 thefe great works to a company of gentlemen from 

 Manchefter. 



Lancaster, the capital of the duchy and (liire, 

 which are named from it, is an antient town, con- 

 lifting of good houfes, built of ftone, and many of 

 them elegant, on the fouth bank of the River Lone, 

 the mouth of which forms its harbour. The (liip- 

 ping of this port has increafcd very much of late, 

 and is next in quantity to that, of Briftol. Many 

 of the velTcls trade to America, the Weft-Indies, 

 and the Baltic. Many good vefTels are built here ; 

 fome cabinet-makers here fend their work to Lon- 

 don : and there are confidcrable manufaftures of 

 fail-cloth, (heeting, and coarfe linen. A navigable 

 canal enables this town to have inland communica- 

 tion with the chief rivers on both fides of England. 

 Lanelly, [Curm. JV.) a town fituated on an 

 eiluary of the liriftol channel, has a good number 

 of vcfiels, moftly employed in carrying coal, which 

 abounds in the adjacent country. 



Langholm, (Dunf. S.) a populous village, with 

 manufaftures of cotton goods, checks, thread, and 

 (lockings. A confidcrable faftory for fpinning wool- 

 en yarn has been eftablilhed here. Much of the 

 cloth worn by the people here is made from the 

 wool of this country, which is remarkably fine, af- 

 ter being fent to England, conibed there, returned 

 to Langholm to be (pun, again fent to England, 



• A confidcrable number of the people are Highlanders, whom Mr. Dale refcued from emigration. The antient Ro- 

 mans gave an honorary Lironet to him who favcd the life of one fedow citizen. What multiplied honours are due to the 

 man who favcs many hundreds of his fcllow-fubjeifls, with their defccndcnts, from being for ever loft to tlieir country ? 



Vol. IV. 



4K 



