.ZETTECR. 



was reckoned a populous j)Iace, and had many 

 tcamifartures *■ of cloths as well of lynnen as of 

 ' wollen, whereby the inhubitauntes of the fnide 

 ' tovvnc have obteyned, and come, unto riches 

 ' and welthy lyvinges, and have kepte and fct 

 ' manye artificers and poore folkes to worke 

 ' within the faid towne, and by reafon of the great 

 • occupieng, good order, itrayte and true deallnge 

 ' of the inhabitants of the faid towne, many Itraii- 

 ' gers, as wel of Ireland, as of other places witli- 

 ' in this realme, have reforted to this towne with 

 ' lynnen yarne, woUes, and other neceffiiry wares 

 « for making of clothes.' [Jfl 33 Hen. VIII, c. 

 15.] In a lubfequent aft [8 EFi-z. r. 12] the ar- 

 ticles manufactured are fpecified to be cottons,* 

 fiizes, and rugs : and about the fame time Man- 

 cheller was diftinguiftied as handforsier and more 

 populous than the neighbouring towns. \_Camdcm 

 Brltan. p. 610.] Thus manufaftlires foon attraft- 

 ed people ; induftry, nourifhed by example and 

 emulation, became the charafter of the place ; the 

 tr.anufaflurcs branched into new divifions ; new 

 fabrics were introduced ; one brancli of trade pav- 

 ed the way for another ; the manufacture was fpread 

 over the adjacent country and into the neighbour- 

 ing towns, and became famous ; improved roads, 

 bridges, canals, infurance offices, banks, and other 

 commercial accommodations, unknown to former 

 ages, were eftablilhed, and conducled with fpirit 

 tempered by prudence : bufin fa poured in with an 

 augmented llream : and the people were opulent, 

 polilhed and iiappy. Since the vaft cxtenfion of 

 the cotton manufacture by Sir Richard Arkwright's 

 happy invention of fpinning machinery \, many of 

 the INIancheller manufafturers have eftablilhed 

 houfes, conducted by agents or partners, upon the 

 continent of Europe ; as on the other hand, for- 

 eigners have fixed their rf fidence in Manchefter : 

 and this ilhijlrious vlUage has become in all refpetts 

 one of the moft imj)ortant commercial and man- 

 ufaftural capitals in Europe. 



The cotton manufacture, in all its vaft variety of 

 branches, is the great ftaple of JManchefter. The 

 warehoufemen either make their goods at their own 

 faftories in the adjacent country ; or they give out 

 cotton or yarn to the fraall makers, who return the 

 made goods in the grey ; or they buy them in the 

 grey from the principal country makers, who have 

 their warehoufes in Manchefter, at which they at- 

 tend three days in the week. The goods are gen- 

 erally allowed to lie in the grey till orders are re- 

 ceived for them, when they are fent to the croft 

 (bleach-field), or to the dye-houfe, and finilhed off 

 according to order. The country makers never 

 finifh any goods, as the buyers chufe to have them 



open, in order to examine their fabiic. The print- 

 ing biifincfs here rivals that of London, or rather 

 it may be faid to have been transferred from I.oii- 

 don to MancheHcr, the great chymical improve- 

 ments of the Mancheller artifts having left no other 

 fuperiority to London than tiie fancy of the pat- 

 terns, if, iiideed, it has that. 



Manchefter lies on the River Irwell, which was 

 made navigable up to it, before the Bridgewatcr 

 canal was thought of. By thefe tv.-o navigations, 

 and efpecially by the later, it enjoys an cafy com- 

 munication with Liverpool, the port of the great 

 manufacturing countiy, of which this hive of in- 

 duftry is the center. 



With refpeCt to buildings and population Man- 

 chefter is fuperior to moft of our citico. Th roads 

 in every direction aronnd the town are bordered 

 with houfes to a confiderable diftance, like the out- 

 lets of London ; and the adjacent country, alfo like 

 that near London, is adorned with gentlemen's 

 feats. 



It is proper to obferve, its one of the happy con- 

 fequences of profperous induftry, that a literary 

 and philofophical fociety was eftabhfhed in Man- 

 chefter in the year 1 78 1, which is well known to 

 men of letters and fcience in all parts of Europe. 



M.\NM, an ifland in the Irifti fea, at no great dif- 

 tance from Ireland, nearer to the Welfli ifland of 

 Anglefey, ilill nearer to Cumberland in England, 

 and neareft of all to the fiiire of Wigton in Scot- 

 land, all thefe countries being vifible at once from 

 Snawfial, a mountain near the north end of the 

 iflaivd. Mann is no part of any of the three king- 

 doms, and continued till the year 1765 a little 

 kingdom of itfelf, fubjeft to the duke of Athol, 

 who ftill retains fome of the prerogatives of royal- 

 ty. It was a great mart of fmuggled goods before 

 the fovereignty was purehafed by government. The 

 people now attend to the herring fiftiery, which is 

 generally very fuccefsful, and employs moft of their 

 fmall veftels. The chief articles of exportation are 

 — pickled herrings, and red herrings ; potatoes ; 

 butter ; cheefe ; eggs ; feathers ; hides, horns, and 

 hair, of cattle ; rabbit flcins ; wool ; woolen yarn ; 

 linen yarn ; lead ore ; paving ftones ; lime-ftone ; 

 flate ; kelp ; fern-aflies. See Western islands. 

 Mansfield, [Noll. E.) a large town, the chief 

 bufinefs of which is making malt, wherewith it fup- 

 plies the neighbouring country, efpecially to the 

 northward. 



Marazion, [Corn. E.) a fiftiing village, with 

 an indifferent harbour. 



Margate, [Kent, E.) a confiderable town on 

 the north fide of the ifland of Thanet, has a har- 

 bour for fmall veflels, and fome coafting trade, par- 



* Camden mentions no other manufaiflures than the ' Marchejitr cottons^ which he cxprcfsly calls woolen cloth 

 (' laneorum pannorum'), the name being apparently a corruption of coating. By the afl 33 Hen. Fill, c. 1$, it appears 

 that the cottons were fiized ; and the act 8 Eliz. c. 7, (hows that frized and cottoned were lynonymous terms. The real 

 cotton was moft probably fcarcely known at that time in England as a raw material. 



+ In the year 1791 a pound of fine cotton, which cod 7/6, was fpun upon the mule jenny into yarn mcafuring nincty- 

 fmin pojl miles, of the value of ;^2z, which was lent to Glal'gow, and there luads iiUQtauflin, which was prefeoted to her 

 Majefty. \_Agri;ultiiiiil ■view of Laneajlire, f, 10'J.'\ 



