ROADS 35 



sides — they were called clog-wheeled cars or tumblers. Dickinson 

 says the " tummel wheelers were seen by me in the Lake District 

 (UUswater) in the early forties," and Pearson also mentions them as 

 being in use on some of the fell-head farms about the same time. 

 The clog-wheel cars were of peculiar construction — the cylindrical axle 

 was made fast to the wheels, which were made of two or three soUd 

 pieces of ash wood, three or four inches in thickness, fastened together 

 with dowels by cross blocks of wood ; they were about 22 1 inches in 

 diameter. The cart was kept in its place on the top of this arrangement 

 partly by its own weight and partly by two wooden pins on either side 

 of the axle, wheels and axle turning round together, two-thirds of the 

 length of the cart being before the axle. In 1812 the Literary Anti- 

 quarian, John Gough, wrote that " Carriages of this awkward description 

 continue, in a few instances, to disgrace the roads of Westmorland, which 

 are perhaps at this time some of the best in England." As late as 

 1843 dogs attached to and drawing heavily-laden carriages were still to 

 be seen in Kendal streets.* 



Generally the Acts of Parhament relating to the construction of 

 turnpike roads contained provisions for the appointment of trustees, 

 reciting a large number of persons qualified to act as such, with the 

 qualification required, viz. : A cleeir yearly value of rents and profits 

 from land of £40. Power was given to the trustees or any five of 

 them, acting through their servants to : — 



Erect gates and demand tolls : — " That is to say, for every Coach, 

 Berlin, Landau, Chariot, Chaise, Calash, Chair, Caravan, Chaise- 

 marine, Car or Hearse drawn by six horses or other beasts of draught 

 the sum of two shillings and six pence ; and drawn by four or more 

 horses or other beasts of draught two shillings ; and drawn by less 

 than four horses or other beasts of draught one shilling. For every 

 Waggon, Wain, Cart, Frame, Dray or other Carriage drawn by four 

 or more horses or other beasts of draught, the sum of 4/-, three horses 

 or other beasts of draught. 2/6 ; two horses or other beasts of draught; 

 1/6, and one horse or other beast of draught 6d. For every horse, 

 mare, gelding, mule, ass, or other Beast of Burden, laden or unladen 

 and not drawing, the sum of two pence. For every drove of Oxen, 



* Letters in Kendal papers protesting against the custom. 



