CATTLE 189 



their individual value increasing. At the April sale in Penrith of 

 summer and autumn calving cows in 1909 the first prize one brought 

 £65, she was bred by W. B. Errington at Sockbridge Hall, and several 

 others brought up to £45 ; at the corresponding sale the year following 

 this record was broken, a cow from the same herd falling to a bid of 

 £75 ; in 191 1 the first prize was awarded to Bird of Yanwath Hall, 

 but was passed unsold at £58 ; the second prize cow was again from 

 Sockbridge Hall, and brought £85 ; while many others at the sale 

 brought from £30 up to £50. The increased attention which is now 

 being paid to their milking qualities is the great factor in the appre- 

 ciation in their value. The change in the character of the cattle in 

 the county during the century could not have been greater or of more 

 material importance, but it is only one of the many which have taken 

 place. 



In 1S60 the prices for the agistment of cattle on Wasdale Head 

 and Foot Farms and land adjoining, in all extending to between five 

 and six thousand acres of pasturage, a great portion of which had been 

 drained, limed and improved was : — 



Yearlings. Two year olds. 



April i8th to Sept. 30th ..£1^0 ;^i 15 o 



May 27th to Sept. 30th . . 100 i 8 o 



Per week .. .. .. 016 020 



On the Grove estate, above Ambleside, in 1874 the prices were 

 for 20 weeks : Back-end calvers 2/6, two-year-old heifers 2/3, 16 

 months old 2/-, and yearlings 1/9 per week. 



On the Witherslack Hall Estate the prices in 1888 were from 

 the end of May to the 20th of October : Yearhng cattle £1 12s. 6d., 

 two year olds £2 2s., three year olds £2 12s. 6d. 



The only breed which is appreciated to-day as it was 100 years 

 ago is the Gcdloway, which is recognized on nearly every high fell 

 farm, and especially the first and second cross with a Shorthorn bull. 

 The white bull sales which are held at Carlisle each autumn, when 

 upwards of 130 are exposed, are largely drawn from Westmorland. 

 The bulls are used for service with the Galloways to produce the blue-grey 

 cross which has become very popular in many districts in the county. 



As a rule, the calves as soon as they are born are taken from 

 their mothers and brought up on the pail, new milk three times a day 



