262 TURDIDyE. 



On the continent of Europe the Mistletoe- Thrush has a 

 very high northern range, breeding in Norway as far as 

 Bodo, where the Messrs. Godman found it, and Prof. Sun- 

 devall obtained a single example at Alten, nearly in lat. 

 70 N. Wolley's collectors several times brought its nest 

 and eggs from lat. 68 N. on the frontiers of Sweden and 

 Finland, and in the country last mentioned, though nowhere 

 numerous, it is said to be generally distributed. How much 

 further it extends to the north-eastward is not known ; but 

 Lehmann records it from Orenburg, and in southern Kussia 

 Herr H. Gobel states that it is a bird of regular double 

 passage, as is also the case in the Crimea, though Von 

 Nordmann adds that some winter at Odessa. It is common 

 in Turkey and breeds there; the birds crossing the Bos- 

 phorus to Asia Minor in October. Strickland observed it at 

 Smyrna in winter. It is not included in De Filippi's list of 

 Persian birds, but is well known in the north-western Hima- 

 layas. The Indian bird, however, is by some deemed a 

 distinct species, and has been named Turdus hodgsoni, but 

 Messrs. Sharpe and Dresser, in their elaborate account of 

 the Mistletoe- Thrush, declare, after the comparison of a 

 large number of specimens, that the asserted difference 

 cannot be maintained. It frequents all the central and 

 southern countries of Europe, and was observed by Mr. 

 Drake to be very common in Morocco, while Mr. Salvin 

 noticed it on the Tunisian frontier of Algeria. 



The bill is dark brown ; the under mandible pale yellow 

 at the base ; the irides hazel : the top of the head, and 

 almost all the upper parts, nearly uniform clove-brown : 

 wings and wing-coverts umber-brown, the latter broadly 

 edged with wood-brown, the wing-feathers with a narrow 

 edge of the same colour ; the slightly forked tail above 

 umber-brown, the broad inner web of each outer quill with 

 a patch of dull white, and the second quill on each side with 

 a smaller patch at the tip : all the lower parts white, tinged 

 with yellow, and covered with numerous black spots ; those 

 in front of the neck triangular in shape, with one angle 

 pointing upwards; those on the breast, belly and sides 



