318 SYLVI1D.E. 



observed it in the Crimea, where Pallas, who also noticed it, 

 says that formerly it was not found. Menetries says it is not 

 rare in the Caucasus and is especially common near the Caspian. 

 De Filippi saw it in the gardens at Kashin in Persia, and this is 

 the most eastern locality in which we have positive assurance of 

 its occurrence. Canon Tristram says it is generally distributed 

 in Palestine, arriving at the end of March and breeding in the 

 Jordan valley and other sheltered spots. It occurs in Arabia 

 and in Egypt, is known as a bird of double passage on its way 

 to and from Nubia and Abyssinia. Dr. Kotschy observed it in 

 Cyprus, and Strickland at Smyrna. In the Cyclades gene- 

 rally it is only a passing migrant, though breeding in Naxos. 

 It occurs in Greece and in Attica especially is still as common 

 as in the days when her poets sang its praises. It would 

 seem to be found generally in Turkey. In Styria it is said 

 to breed but rarely. Throughout Italy from north to south, 

 including also the islands of Sicily and Sardinia, it is plenti- 

 fully distributed. It inhabits Algeria, breeding there, though 

 many probably migrate northward in summer. In Portugal 

 Cintra has long been famous for this bird, and it is abundant 

 in parts of Spain and France. Thence it frequents Belgium 

 and Holland, occasionally visiting, according to Baron Droste- 

 Hulshoff, the island of Borkum, while it is included by Mr. 

 Gatke among the species which have occurred in Heligoland. 

 In a note by Mr. Blyth, to his edition of White's ' Sel- 

 borne,' he says that the Nightingale " appears to migrate 

 almost due north and south, deviating but a very little in- 

 deed either to the right or left. There are none in Brittany, 

 nor in the channel islands (Jersey, Guernsey, &c.) ; and the 

 most westward of them cross the channel at Cape la Hogue, 

 arriving on the coast of Dorsetshire, and thence apparently 

 proceeding northward, rather than dispersing towards the 

 west, so that they are only known as accidental stragglers 

 beyond, at most, the third degree of western longitude, a line 

 which cuts off the counties of Devonshire and Cornwall, 

 together with all Wales and Ireland." It will be seen, how- 

 ever, from what has been stated of the distribution of the Night- 

 ingale, that this hypothesis requires modification to bring it 



