RICHARD'S PIPIT. 601 



near Vienna*, and in October 1826 one was killed according 

 to Savi near Pisa. Subsequently it was noticed in Provence 

 by Eoux, who thought it bred there, wherein he was doubtless 

 mistaken, but its not unfrequent appearance in that part of 

 France has since been abundantly confirmed. 



Richard's Pipit has occurred twice in the south of Norway 

 and once in Sweden. It comes to the islands lying off the 

 north-west coast of Germany so frequently in autumn that 

 it may be considered an almost regular visitant to Borkum 

 and Heligoland. It has also been met with in Holland and 

 Belgium, and has been said to breed in the former country, 

 but particulars are wanting and the statement must be 

 regarded as questionable in the highest degree. It is now 

 believed to occur every autumn in the north of France, and 

 a few are met with almost every year in the south of that 

 country between August and December, while it occasionally 

 appears there in April. It has also been obtained in the 

 south of Spain in winter and early spring, as well as in 

 Algeria. According to Dr. Salvadori it is of rare and irre- 

 gular appearance in Italy, though Sig. Bettoni declares it to be 

 a characteristic species of the Lombard plains. It has been 

 met with two or three times in Malta. Credit has been given 

 it for summering and breeding in Greece, but it would seem 

 doubtful from Dr. Lindermayer's experience whether it ever 

 occurs there at any time of year. Mr. Dresser was informed 

 by Dr. Kriiper that he believed it bred near Smyrna, a sup- 

 position of which time will tell the truth. Evidence of its 

 occurring in North-eastern Africa is very slight. Prof, von 

 Nordmann says he has killed specimens at different times of 

 the year at Odessa and therefore presumes that it breeds in 

 Southern Russia, but dissents from Gloger and those who 

 have referred to this species the Anthus rupestris of Mdnd- 

 tries, found by that naturalist in the Caucasus, and not since 

 identified. 



In the central parts of Europe Richard's Pipit is, except 



* One was bought alive in the market of this city in September, 1819, accord- 

 ing to Herr von Pelzeln, but no other example is mentioned by him, and this, as 

 will appear, is the only specimen known to have occurred in Central Europe. 



VOL. I. 4 II 



