4 PIED FLYCATCHER. 



half, or more, and reach to one third of the length of the 

 tail. Greater wing coverts, brownish black, edged with white, 

 in some tipped with white on one web; lesser wing coverts, 

 dark grey. Primaries and secondaries as the neck, white at 

 the base of the feathers. The first feather less than half the 

 length of the second, which itself is equal to the fifth, the 

 fourth longer than the second, the third the longest; tertiaries, 

 white, in some at the base, in others on the outer webs, in 

 many on the whole of three feathers, but only on part of 

 the first; tips black. Tail, black, with the exception of the 

 basal half of the outer web of the outer feather, but it is 

 said to be totally black in age; in younger birds the whole 

 of the inner web also, of the outer, and of the next feather 

 is white, as is part of the outer web of the third. Tail 

 coverts, greyish black; under tail coverts, white; legs, toes, 

 and claws, black. 



Female; forehead, dull white; in some, dependent on age, 

 black like the head; crown, neck, and nape, dark brown; chin, 

 throat, and breast, dull white, tinged on the upper part wit a 

 dusky yellow. Back, blackish grey; greater wing coverts, 

 dark brown, edged with dull white; lesser wing coverts, dark 

 brown; primaries, brownish black; tertiaries, dark brown, edged 

 with dull white. Tail, dull 'black; legs, toes, and claws, 

 black. 



The young are at first much mottled over with dull white 

 spots on the back, and with brown on the breast; when a 

 year old the bill is black, brown at the base, a dusky streak 

 descends from it along the sides of the neck; iris, brown; 

 forehead, with less white, and more dull; head, crown, neck, 

 and nape, grey tinged with brown; chin and throat, white or 

 yellowish white; breast the same, tinged with grey or brown 

 on the sides; back, as the head. Greater wing coverts, greyish 

 brown, tipped with yellowish white; lesser wing coverts, grey 

 tinged with brown; primaries, brownish black; the fourth and 

 next ones have a white spot at the base of the outer web; 

 the two nearest the body margined with white; secondaries, 

 brownish black; tertiaries, brownish black, three of them 

 slightly margined with white, and a white spot at the base. 

 Tail, brownish black, the three outer feathers edged with 

 white; tail coverts, dark grey; under tail coverts, white; legs, 

 toes, and claws, dark slate-colour. 



