TAWNY PIPIT. 239 



ANTHUS CAMPESTRIS. 

 TAWNY PIPIT. 



(PLATE 14.) 



Alauda campestris, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 288 (1766) ; et auctorum plurimorum 

 Gmelin, Latham, (Naumann), (Bonaparte), (Degland $ Gerbe), (Newton), 

 (Dresser), &c. 



Alauda mosellana, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 794 (1788). 



Motacilla maculata, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 965 (1788). 



Motacilla massiliensis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 965 (1788). 



Sylvia massiliensis (Gmel.), Lath. 2nd. Orn. ii. p. 531 (1790). 



Sylvia maculata (Gmel.), Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 532 (1790). 



Anthus campestris (Linn.), Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. iii. p. 564 (1812). 



Vitiflora massiliensis (Gmel.), Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool. x. p. 570 (1817). 



Vitiflora maculata (Gmel.), Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool. x. p. 571 (1817). 



Anthus massiliensis (Gmel), Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxvi. p. 503 (1818). 



Anthus maculatus (Gmel.), Vieill. N. Diet. tfHist. Nat. xxvi. p. 504 (1818). 



Anthus rufescens, Temm. Man. d"Om. i. p. 267 (1820). 



Agrodroma campestris (Linn.), Swains. Classlf. B. ii. p. 241 (1837). 



Corydalla campestris (Linn.), Brehm, Vogelf. p. 138 (1855). 



Corydalla rufescens (Temm.), Brehm, Vogelf. p. 138 (1855). 



The first British specimens of the Tawny Pipit were recorded by Mr. 

 Dawson Rowley in ' The Ibis' for 1863 (p. 37). A male was shot by a 

 man named Harding, on the 17th of August, 1858, close to a shallow pool 

 near Shoreham Harbour, the man's attention being drawn to it by its 

 peculiar note. A second specimen of this bird was brought on the 24th 

 of September, 1862, by a person named Wing, to Swaysland of Brighton, 

 for preservation. Swaysland saw at once that it was some " distinguished 

 stranger," and acquainted Mr. Dawson Rowley of the circumstance. It 

 was shot on the cliff, about a mile and a half from Rottingdean, near 

 Brighton. Since this date about a dozen other examples have been 

 obtained, mostly near Brighton; one was shot on Trescoe, one of the 

 Scilly Isles ; and a specimen, said to be of this species, was shot near 

 Bridlington by Mr. Boynton. This species does not appear to have been 

 observed in Scotland or Ireland. 



The Tawny Pipit is a summer visitor to Europe, and breeds in suitable 

 localities as far north as lat. 57. It winters in Algeria, where, however, 

 many remain to breed, and passes through Egypt on migration to winter 

 in Nubia and Abyssinia. It is a summer visitor to Asia Minor, but is a 

 resident in Palestine. In Asia this species is on an average smaller in size, 

 the western race varying in length of wing from 3'8 to 3'4 inch, and the 

 eastern race, A. campestris var. similis, from 3*5 to 3*2 inch. The latter 



