37 



YELLOW-HAMMER. 



YELLOW BUNTING. YELLOW YOWLEY. 



YELLOW YELDEING. YELLOW YOLDEING. YELLOW YITE. 

 YELDEOCK. YOLKEING. YOIT. SKITE. GOLDIE. 



Emberiza citrinella, PENNANT. MONTAGU. 



" flava, BRISSOX. 



Emberiza ? Citrinella. Citrus A. citron or lemon tree? 



THE Yellow-hammer is found throughout the European 

 continent, from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, to the shores 

 of the Mediterranean. It is, however, most plentiful in the 

 midland parts decreasing in numbers towards the north and 

 south extremities. 



This is one of the most common birds that we have in 

 this country, and is more particularly observable in the summer 

 time, when there is not a hedge alongside of which you can 

 walk, without seeing one after another flitting out before you, 

 and then in again, 'here and there and everywhere.' The nest 

 is, or is to be, somewhere near, and hence the greater apparent 

 frequency of the Yellow-hammer at this season. In the winter 

 they are more collected together in flocks. They frequent, 

 for the most part, the cultivated districts, those that are 

 destitute of wood being uncongenial to them, but they are 

 found on such wastes as are covered with gorse or broom. 



In Orkney this species is by no means plentiful, and is 

 chiefly observed in winter: the same remark applies to Shet- 

 land. During the summer of 1846, a pair built their nest in 

 the garden at Daisy Bank, near Kirkwall; and another pair 

 bred the same season at Pabdale. 



Yellow-hammers are gregarious birds, consorting in the 



