210 



RING OUZEL. 



EOCK OTTZEL. EIXG THEUSH. MOUNTAIN BLACKBIED. 

 MOOE BLACKBIED. 



Turdus torquatus, PENNANT. MONTAGU. 



Merula torquata, SELBY. GOCLD. 



TurdusA Thrush. Torquatus Ringed. 



THIS is a bird of the mountain, found almost exclusively 

 in the wild and uncultivated districts of the country. 



In Europe its range extends northwards as far as Norway 

 and Sweden; and southwards to Germany, Italy, France, 

 Switzerland, Spain, and Holland. In the latter it is rare, 

 which is not to be wondered at, considering how unsuited 

 that country must be to its predilections. In Africa it is 

 also found along the northern shores; and in Asia, in Syria. 



In Yorkshire it is common enough on high moor lands, 

 though generally seen only in pairs on the side of some 

 solitary glen or wild ravine, and is sometimes met with in 

 the more cultivated parts. Mr. E. Leyland on one occasion 

 saw a flock of upwards of twenty feeding on the berries of 

 the mountain ash, in a garden near Halifax, in the month 

 of September. It is also plentiful on the moors near 

 Sheffield, and has been known to build on Thorn e Moor 

 a wild tract, where I formerly took some rare insects, but 

 cultivation is gradually encroaching upon it, and in time the 

 record of it will alone remain. My friend Arthur Strickland, 

 Esq., has once or twice met with considerable flights in 

 turnip fields, but apparently consisting, for the most part, 

 of birds of the year, and probably collected together for 

 emigration. Graves records it in his 'Catalogue of the Birds 

 of Cleveland.' One or two have been seen in different 

 years in the neighbourhood of Sowerby and Thirsk, as 

 Edward D. Swarbreck, Esq., of the latter place, has informed 



