RED-NECKED PHALAROPE. 89 



PHALAROPUS HYPERBOREUS. 



RED-NECKED PHALAROPE. 



(PLATE 27.) 



Phalaropus cinereus, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 15 (1760, summer plumage). 



Phalaropus fuscus, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 18 (1760, winter plumage). 



Tringa lobata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 249 (1766, winter plumage). 



Tringa hyperborea, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 249 (1766, summer plumage) ; et auctor um 



plurimorum (Latham), (Audubon), (Cwvier), (Coues), (Dresser), (Sounders), 



to. 



Phalaropus hyperboreus (Linn.), Tunstall, Orn. Brit. p. 3 (1771). 



Tringa fusca (Briss.), Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 675 (1788). 



Phalaropus vulgaris, Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. ii. p. 317, pi. xxvii. (1803). 



Phalaropus williamsii, Simmondl, Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. p. 264 (1807). 



Phalaropus cinereus (Briss.), Meyer, Taschenb. ii. p. 417 (1810). 



Lobipes hyperborea (Linn.), Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii. pt. i. p. 169 (1824). 



Phalaropus ruficollis, I . .. 



} Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. n. pp. 203, 204 (1826). 

 Phalaropus cinerascens, i 



Phalaropus angustirostris, Naum. Vog. Deutschl. viii. p. 240, pi. 205 (1836). 



Phalaropus lobatus (Linn.), Salvad. Ucc. (Vital, ii. p. 210 (1871). 



Lobipes lobatus (Linn.}, Baird, Brewer, Sf Ridgto. Water-B. N. Amer. i. p. 330 (1884). 



The Red-necked Phalarope formerly bred in the counties of Perth and 

 Inverness, in the Orkneys, and possibly also in Sutherland and the Isle of 

 Skye, but is now only known to breed in the Shetlands and the Outer 

 Hebrides. To the rest of Scotland and to England it is only a rare 

 accidental visitor, and has never been found in Ireland. It was recorded 

 as a British bird as long ago as 1676 by Willughby and Ray from an 

 example in the collection of Ralph Johnson of Brignal, near Greta Bridge, 

 in Yorkshire, a gentleman to whom these great naturalists were indebted 

 for much valuable ornithological information. 



The Red-necked Phalarope is a circumpolar bird, breeding principally 

 on the tundras above the limit of forest-growth as far north as land 

 extends in the eastern hemisphere, and in the western hemisphere up to 

 lat. 73. It rarely breeds south of the Arctic circle ; but above the pine- 

 regions of the Dovrefjeld it breeds as far south as lat. 62, and on the 

 Pacific coast Middendorff found it breeding on the west shores of the sea 

 of Ochotsk as far south as lat. 55. It is a summer visitor to Greenland, 

 Iceland, and the Faroes. In winter it frequents the coasts of Europe, but 

 is very rare in the basin of the Mediterranean, and has not occurred in 

 North-east Africa, Palestine, or Asia Minor. It occurs during passage on 

 most of the great internal lines of migration, and winters in Persia and 



