KNOT. 



179 



Birds of the year scarcely differ from adults in winter, except that they 

 retain the wing-coverts of their first plumage, with their black and white 

 margins. After the first spring moult the chestnut below the breast and 

 the greater portion of that on the upper parts is very imperfectly assumed 

 (so that when the white margins of the feathers abrade during the summer, 

 the back becomes very dark in colour) and the dark bars on the breast and 

 flanks are reproduced. It is doubtful whether birds in this plumage ever 

 breed. Young in down are greyish buff, mottled on the upper parts with 

 black and rufous. 



