340 BRITISH BIRDS. 



LARUS TRIDACTYLUS. 

 KITTIWAKE. 



(PLATE 50.) 



Lams gavia cinerea neevia. ) 



[ Briss. Orn. vi. pp. 185. 189 (1760). 

 Larus gavia nyberna, I 



Larus rissa, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 224 (1766, adult). 



Larus tridactylus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 224 (1766, juv.) ; et auctorum plurimorum 



Gmelin, Schlegel, Naumann, (Dresser), (Saunders), &c. 

 Larus albus, P. L. S. Midler, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 108 (1776). 

 Larus namus (Briss.), ScMff. Mus. Orn. p. 64 (1789). 

 Gavia tridactylus (Linn.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 563. 

 Rissa brunnichii, Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 181 (1825). 

 Larus torquatus, \ pdl Zoog ^ Sos80 _ As i ati . pp . 328 , 329 (1826). 

 Larus gavia, J 



Clieimonea tridactylus (Linn.), Kaup, Natilrl. Syst. p. 84 (1829). 

 Rissa cinerea, Eyion, Cat. Brit. B. p. 52 (1836). 

 Rissa tridactyla (Linn.), Gray, List Gen. B. p. 79 (1840). 

 Rissa kotzebui, Bonap. Consp. ii. p. 226 (1857). 



Larus tridactylus, var. kotzebui (Bonap.), Coues, B. of N.-W. p. 646 (1874). 

 Rissa tridactyla pollicaris, Baird, Brewer, $ Ridgway, Water-Birds N. Amer. ii. 



p. 202. 



The Kittiwake is one of the most abundant of the British Gulls, but as 

 it is exclusively a rock-bird, its colonies are confined to certain districts. 

 There is no part of the British coasts that it does not visit during the time 

 that it is not engaged in nesting-duties. In summer its chief resorts on the 

 east coast of England are at Flamborough and the Fame Islands ; on the 

 south its colonies are principally on the iron-bound coasts of Cornwall, 

 Devon, and the Scilly Islands ; and on the west it breeds in considerable 

 numbers along the rocky coasts of Wales and on the Isle of Man. It is 

 abundant and generally distributed on all the rocky portions of the Scotch 

 coasts, extending to the Orkney and Shetland Islands, the Hebrides, and 

 the islands of the St.-Kilda group. In Ireland it is equally common, 

 and breeds abundantly, especially on the wild southern and western coasts. 

 To the Channel Islands it is only known as a winter visitor. 



The Kittiwake is a circumpolar bird, breeding on the coasts of the Arctic 

 Ocean, and on Iceland, the Faroes, Spitzbergen, and Nova Zembla. In 

 the Atlantic its breeding-range extends along the coast of Norway as far 

 south as lat. 62, south of which there appear to be no breeding-stations 

 except those on the British Islands and on the rocky coasts of Brittany. 

 In Asia it breeds as far south as the Kurile Islands, and on the west coast 



