SCAUP. 579 



FULIGULA MARILA. 

 SCAUP. 



(PLATE 64.) 



Anas glaucium minus striatum, Eriss. Orn. vi. p. 416 (1700). 



Anas marila, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 190 (1766) ; et auctorum plurimorum 



Gmelin, Latham, Temminck, (Bonaparte), (Selby), (Dresser), &c. 

 Anas subterranea, Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 67 (1769). 

 Anas fraenata, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, ii. pi. 38 (1787). 

 Aythya marila (Linn.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 564. 



Fuligula marila (Linn.), Steph. Shaw's Gen, Zool. xii. pt. ii. p. 198 (1824). 

 Platypus inarilus (Linn.), Brehm, Lehrb. Naturg. eur. Vog. ii. p. 830 (1824). 

 Nyroca marila (Linn.), Flem. Brit. An. p. 122 (1828). 

 Aythya islandica, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 911 (1831). 

 Fuligula gesneri, Eyton, Cat. Brit. B. p. 58 (1836). 

 Fuligula affinis, Eyton, Mon. Anat. p. 157 (1838). 

 Fuligula mariloides, Vigors, Zool. ' Blossom,' p. 31 (1839). 

 Fuligula minor, Bell, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. i. p. 141 (1842). 

 Marila frenata (Sparrm.), Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 651 (1856). 



Fulix marila (Linn.), I a{rd ^ Amer ?91 (1858) 

 Fulix affinis (Eyton), \ 



The Scaup is a regular and common winter visitor to the British Islands, 

 where it is widely distributed on most parts of the coast. It is a Sea-Duck, 

 and rarely goes far inland, although it loves muddy estuaries and the 

 mouths of tidal rivers. It is less abundant on the west coast of Scotland, 

 probably because the shores are too rocky. In Ireland it frequents almost 

 every part of the coast, but is rare in the south and seldom met with 

 inland. Scaups have been observed throughout the summer in our 

 islands (especially in the Shetlands), but there is no instance on record 

 of its having nested in this country. 



The Scaup is a circumpolar bird, breeding throughout the Arctic regions 

 as far north as lat. 70, and in a similar climate above the limits of forest- 

 growth on the mountains of Southern Scandinavia. It is only a summer 

 visitor to Iceland, but is a resident in the Faroes, wintering on the southern 

 coasts of the Baltic and on the shores of the German Ocean. It winters 

 sparingly in Spain and in the basin of the Mediterranean, but it is com- 

 moner in the Black Sea and on the southern shores of the Caspian. In 

 North-east Africa it winters as far south as Abyssinia. It is not known to 

 pass through Turkestan on migration, but a few winter in Persia and North- 

 west India. It has not been recorded from the Amoor, but it winters on 

 Lake Baikal, and in Japan, China, and Formosa. On the American continent 



