TUFTED DUCK. 583 



FULIGULA CRISTATA. 

 TUFTED DUCK. 



(PLATE 64.) 



Anas glaucium minus, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 411 (1760). 



Anas fuligula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 207 (1766). 



Anas cristata, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. fyc. Brit. Mus. p. 39 (1816) ; et auctorum 



plurimorum (Selby), (Jenym), (Bonaparte), (Keyserling fy Blasiw), (Gray), 



(Dresser), &c. 



Nyroca fuligula (Linn.), Flem. Phil. Zool. ii. p. 260 (1822). 

 Aythya fuligula (Linn.}, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 564. 



Fuligula cristata (Leach), Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii. pt. ii. p. 190 (1824). 

 Aythya cristata (Leach), Brehm, Vog. Deittschl. p. 916 (1831). 



The Tufted Duck is one of the seven species of freshwater Ducks which 

 breed regularly in England. It is a winter visitor to most of the low-lying 

 coasts of the British Islands, and to many secluded lakes and ponds, but 

 during the breeding-season it is very local. It is most abundant in Sher- 

 wood Forest, on the chain of little lakes which lie between Newstead Abbey 

 and Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire, but breeds in some numbers in the 

 meres of South Norfolk. It has also been recorded as occasionally breed- 

 ing in Sussex, Hertfordshire, Shropshire, Yorkshire, and Northumberland. 

 In Scotland it is known to breed in Perthshire and in some of the adjacent 

 counties. It has been found breeding in several counties in Ireland, but is 

 only known as a winter visitor to the Orkney and Shetland Islands, though 

 it has since bred on the Faroes. 



On the continent the range of the Tufted Duck is very extensive, reach- 

 ing from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but it appears to be confined to the 

 Old World, though it is said to have occurred in Greenland. North of 

 the Arctic circle it is very rare, but further south it breeds in consi- 

 derable numbers in most suitable localities as far as latitude 50. In 

 Norway it has been obtained as far north as latitude 70, in the valley of 

 the Yenesay in latitude 68, and on the Pacific coast in latitude 62. In 

 Naumaun's days a few pairs bred in Mecklenburg, and it formerly bred 

 in Denmark and Pomerania. It still breeds in Scandinavia, the Baltic 

 Provinces, and North Russia, and is common throughout South Siberia 

 It winters in South Europe, North Africa as far south as Abyssinia and 

 the whole of Southern Asia including Japan, but not ranging as far as 

 Ceylon or the other islands south of Formosa, nor to the Burma peninsula 



