590 BRITISH BIRDS. 



FULIGULA CLANGULA. 

 GOLDEN-EYE. 



(PLATE 63.) 



Anas glaucium, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 406 (1760). 



Anas clangula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 201 (1766) ; et auctorum plurimorum 



Gmelin, Latham, Temminck, Leach, Vieillot, Naumann, Schlegel, (Anduboti), 



(Coites), &c. 



Anas glaucion, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 201 (1766). 

 Anas peregrina, Omel. Reise Russl. ii. p. 183, pi. 16 (1774). 



Clangula clangula (Linn.), Ftem. Phil. Zool. ii. p. 260 (1822) ; Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 564. 

 Clangula chrysopthalruos, Steph. Shaves Gen. Zool. xii. pt. ii. p. 182, pi. 56 (1824). 

 Fuligula clangula (Linn.'), Bonap. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York, ii. p. 393 (1826). 

 Clangula vulgaris, Flem. Brit. An. p. 120 (1828). 

 Glaucion clangula (Linn.), Kaup, Natilrl. Syst. p. 53 (1829). 

 Clangula glaucion (Linn.), Brehm, Vdg. Deutschl. p. 929 (1831). 

 Bucephala clangula (Linn.~), Coues, Key N.-Amer. B. p. 290 (1872). 



The Golden-eye is a common and regular winter visitor to the British 

 Islands, being most abundant in the northern districts, especially on the 

 north and west coasts of Scotland, including the Orkneys, Shetlands, and 

 the Hebrides. In England it is observed in most abundance during severe 

 winters, nevertheless it is a well-known bird in most suitable localities. 

 In Ireland it is equally well known and, as in the rest of the United King- 

 dom, frequents the inland lakes and rivers as well as the coast, in many 

 cases showing a decided preference for them. It is said to have bred 

 at Loch Assynt in Sutherlandshire, and Saxby believed that it did so 

 in Shetland. 



The Golden-eye is a circumpolar bird, breeding in the Arctic and semi- 

 Arctic regions of both continents up to the limits of forest-growth. In 

 Europe the southern limit of its breeding-range appears to be North 

 Germany, Pomerania, and the Caucasus, whilst in Asia it breeds throughout 

 Siberia. It winters on the coasts of Western Europe and in the basin of 

 the Mediterranean, though it is said to be very rare on the southern shores 

 of that sea. It also winters in the Black Sea and on the southern shores 

 of the Caspian. It is said to be a resident on Lake Baikal ; but most of 

 the Siberian birds migrate to Mongolia, where a few remain to winter, 

 the rest passing on to China and Japan. On the American continent 

 it breeds in Alaska and British North America, and winters in the 

 Southern States, Mexico, and Cuba. A few remain to winter on the 

 southern coasts of Alaska. American examples of the Golden-eye are 

 said to be somewhat larger than those of the Old World, and have 



