598 BRITISH BIRDS. 



FULIGULA GLACIALIS. 



LONG-TAILED DUCK. 



(PLATE 66.) 



Anas longicauda islandica, i 



Anas longicauda ex insula terrae novae, I JBriss. Orn. vi. pp. 379, 382, 466 (1760). 



Anas querquedula ferroensis, 



Anas hyenialis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 202 (1766). 



Anas glacialis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 203 (1766) ; et auctorum plurimorum 



Gmelin, Latham, Temminck, (Bonaparte), (Dresser), (Sounders), &c. 

 Anas miclonia, Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl. p. 58 (1783). 



Anas longicauda, Leach, Syst. Cat, Mamm. fyc. Brit. Mtis. p. 37 (1816). 

 Anas brachyrhynchos, Beseke, Vog. Kurl. p. 50, pi. 6 (1821). 



Clangula glacialis (Linn.}, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 564; Flem. Phil. Zool. ii. p. 260 (1822). 

 Platypus glacialis (Linn.), Brehm, Lehrb. eur. Vog. ii. p. 840 (1824). 

 Harelda glacialis (Linn.}, Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii. pt. ii. p. 175 (1824). 

 Fuligula glacialis (Linn.), Bonap. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York, ii. p. 395 (1826). 

 Pagonetta glacialis (Linn.), Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 66 (1829). 

 Clangula hienialis (Linn.), Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 933 (1831). 

 Crymonessa glacialis (Linn.), Mac ff ill. Man. Brit. B. ii. p. 186 (1842). 

 Harelda hyenialis (Linn.), Baird, Breiver, $ Ridgivay, Water-Birds N. Amer. ii. p. 57 



(1884). 



The Long-tailed Duck is a tolerably common winter visitor to the 

 British Islands, but is most abundant in the northern portions. It appears 

 more or less irregularly off the south and east coasts of England, but on 

 the west coast of Scotland and on the Hebrides is much more abundant. 

 It visits the Orkneys and the Shetlands in winter. In Ireland, according 

 to Sir Ralph Payne- Gallwey, it is rarely seen except in the north, and 

 never appears in very large numbers. No instance of the breeding of this 

 Duck in our islands has been recorded, but it has been seen in the Shetland 

 Islands during summer. 



The Long-tailed Duck is a circumpolar bird, breeding above the limit of 

 forest-growth in the Arctic regions of both hemispheres as far north as 

 land extends, as well as on Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, and Nova 

 Zembla. In winter it migrates southwards to the Faroes, the Baltic, and 

 the shores of Western Europe, occasionally wandering as far south as Italy 

 in very severe winters. It is not known to have occurred in the Black 

 Sea, but it winters on the Caspian, Lake Baikal, in Japan, and occasionally 

 in China. On the American continent it migrates in winter as far south as 

 the Northern States and the Great Lakes. It has no very near ally. . 



The Long-tailed Duck is more arctic in its distribution than any other 



