650 BRITISH BIRDS. 



PHALACROCORAX CARBO. 



CORMORANT. 



(PLATE 34.) 



Phalacrocorax phalacrocorax, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 511 (1760). 



Pelecanus carbo, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 216 (1766) ; et auctorum plurimorum 



Gmelin, Latham, (Bonaparte), (Di-esser), (Savnders), &c. 

 Procellaria pelecanus, Mull. Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 18 (1776). 

 Carbo cormoranus, Meyer, Tascfanb. ii. p. 576 (1810). 

 Halieus carbo (Linn.}, Illiyer, Prodromus, p. 279 (1811). 



Phalacrocorax carbo (Linn.), Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. 8fc. Brit. Mus. p. 34 (1816). 

 Hydrocorax carbo (Linn.}, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. viii. p. 83 (1817). 

 Phalacrocorax novse-hollandiae, Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. i. p. 93 (1825). 

 Phalacrocorax medius, Nilss. Skand. Fauna, Fogl. ii. p. 478 (1835). 

 Phalacrocorax carboi'des, GoiM, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 156. 

 Carbo albiventris, Ticked, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xi. p. 463 (1842). 

 Halieus cormoranus (Meyer), Naum. Vb'g. Deutschl. xi. p. 52 (1842). 

 Graculus carbo (Linn.), ~) 



Graculus medius (Nils,.), ( Q ^ ^ 667 (1845)> 



Graculus carboides (Gould), 

 Graculus novse-hollandiee (Steph.), \ 



The Cormorant is a common resident in the British Islands, and breeds 

 in all suitable districts from the Shetlands to Cornwall and from St. Kilda 

 to the south of Ireland. Unlike the Shag it has several breeding-places 

 far inland, both on trees as well as on rocks, but its usual stations are on 

 rocky islands and the gigantic bird-cliffs which stud our coasts from Flam- 

 borough northwards, and in the south-west of England and in Wales. In 

 Ireland it is equally well known and widely distributed, breeding inland 

 and on the coasts. In winter its range is even more extended, and it visits 

 low-lying shores as well as inland sheets of water. 



The Common Cormorant is an Old- World species which has extended 

 its range in the Atlantic westwards to the Faroes, Iceland, Greenland, the 

 coasts of Labrador, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Bay of Fundy, in all 

 of which localities it is a partial resident, wandering in winter as far south 

 as Delaware Bay. It is a resident throughout the coast of Western Europe, 

 including the Baltic, from the northern shores of the Kola peninsula south- 

 wards. In the basin of the Mediterranean it is principally known as a 

 winter visitor, though there are several breeding-places on the northern 

 shores and in Algeria. To the rest of Africa it is a winter visitor, 

 occasionally found as far south as the Cape. It breeds in many inland 



