GREEN SANDPIPER. 459 



on their migrations along the eastern side nearly every year, 

 but it must be considered a very rare bird on the rivers and 

 estuaries of the west. 



The breeding-range of this species in Europe reaches as 

 far north as the vicinity of the Arctic circle, and extends 

 throughout the greater part of Scandinavia ; Northern and 

 Central Russia, where it is the commonest of the Sandpipers ; 

 the islands and shores of the Baltic ; and Northern Germany 

 as far west as Holstein. Bogdanow states that it breeds in 

 the Caucasus. In Holland, Belgium, and the rest of Central 

 and Southern Europe, the Green Sandpiper has not as yet 

 been proved to be other than a migrant, although suspected 

 of breeding in several localities, and even in the extreme 

 south its stay is unusually late : for instance, a fully adult 

 female in the Editor's collection was obtained near Malaga 

 on the 24th of June. Its residence is similarly prolonged 

 in the islands and along the eastern shores of the Mediter- 

 ranean ; and it is a common species in suitable localities, 

 from autumn to spring, in Northern Africa from Morocco to 

 Egypt. On the western side of that continent it has not 

 been traced at present beyond Angola ; but in the eastern 

 portion it is found up the Nile to Abyssinia, and, through 

 the great Lake district, to Cape Colony. Passing to Asia, 

 its summer range is found to extend, as in Europe, to the 

 Arctic circle, and eastward as far as the Stanowoi Mountains 

 and the Sea of Okhotsk ; in Japan, Mongolia, and China 

 the bird is only a migrant ; but it is said by Dr. Severtzoff 

 to breed in Turkestan and in the Pamir. To Asia Minor, 

 Persia, Baluchistan, and India it is a regular visitor, arriving 

 in the latter as early as July, and it occurs in small numbers 

 in Ceylon, Buraiah, and Tenasserim, beyond which it has 

 not at present been recorded ; its range is, therefore, less 

 extensive than that of some of its congeners.* 



The remarkable deviation of the Green Sandpiper from 



* Mr. Harting has a skin of this species which was said to have formed part 

 of a collection of American skins from Halifax, Nova Scotia, but there is no 

 positive evidence of the occurrence of the Green Sandpiper in the Nearctic region. 

 (Of. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 1878, p. 49.) 



