Popular Science Monthly 



133 



fastened with two 3-in. nails driven part 

 way in and bent over. 



A tenon-saw with an adjustable back 



Jig for gaging and cutting perfect tenons 

 on thin slats with a gage back tenon saw 



must be used and it is set as follows: 



Whittle four small pieces of pine 1/16 in. 



thick and lay a pair of them on each of the 



pieces F and G near the opening betw^een 



them. Slip the saw in the slit and let the 



back slide down to rest on the pieces. 



Clamp the back of the 



saw at the handle and 



remove the small pieces. 



The blade will sink 1/16 



in. into the pieces B and 



C. Take the piece on 



which the tenon is to be 



cut, mark the distance for 



the length of the tenon 



and draw a fine pencil 



line with the aid of a 



juare. Insert the slat 

 uetween the pieces B 

 and C and under the 

 cross-pieces and drive it 

 in gently with a mallet. 

 When the line drawn 

 i>asses the saw-guide, as 



en by means of the 

 and hole, put a piece 



■ steel the thickness of 



le saw-blade in the 



' ot — a square blade may 

 be used for this purpose. By means of the 

 clamp, screw the stock forward until the 

 pencil line is just at the edge of the steel; 

 saw until the gage will prevent it cutting any 



farther and remove the saw from the slot. 

 Drive the stock back until the end is under 

 the saw and make another cut. Give the 

 clamp-screw one complete turn and saw 

 another cut. This operation is repeated 

 until the first cut is almost reached. Split 

 off the bits of wood left between the cuts 

 with a chisel and then with the stock set so 

 that the end is under the slot and the saw in 

 position, begin sawing and slowly screwing 

 the piece fon^-ard with the clamp. The 

 result will be a perfectly cut tenon. Each 

 tenon can be cut similarly on both sides. 



Generally the tenons used need be only 

 J^ in. long, or even less, and they are cut 

 ver>' rapidly, evenly and not too smooth so 

 that they can be driven home in the 

 mortise. The dimensions of all the pieces 

 used will depend upon the material to be 

 cut and the length of the finished slat. 

 The dimensions given are for making 

 tenons ^ in. long on each end of slats 

 10 in. long, 2 in. wide and ^ in. thick. 



The same device can be used for cutting 

 tenons on thicker stock, but several cuts 

 are necessary and the channel must be 

 deeper. 



The swinging of the stanchion gives 

 the cow plenty of room for move- 

 ment with comparative comfort 



Swinging Stanchion That Gives 

 Comfort to the Cow 



THE stanchion described herein has 

 given perfect satisfaction upon a 



dairy farm in New 



Hampshire, the propri- 

 etor of which devised 

 and built it himself. The 

 old chain-posts were torn 

 out and the new swing- 

 ing stanchions installed 

 while the cows were in 

 the pasture during the 

 forenoon. The stanchion 

 can be instantly locked 

 from the front or back, 

 and will hold the most 

 unruly cow safe and 

 without discomfort. It 

 will permit enough end 

 movement so that the 

 cow can lie down or get 

 up easily, and allows 

 sufficient freedom of 

 movement in any direc- 

 tion for the greatest 

 comfort. When the cow 

 is lying down the stanchion will accommo- 

 date itself to the direction of the neck and 

 there will be no evidence of difficulty in 

 breathing or of the discomfort caused by a 



