Breathing by Machinery 



Dr. Meltzer's apparatus has saved the lives 

 of many overcome by gas in the trenches 



WHEN a man is overcome by pois- 

 onous gases or is shocked into in- 

 sensibility by electricity, he may 

 usually be saved if artificial breathing is 

 at once induced. 



In order to accom- 

 plish the effects of natu- 

 ral breathing by pump- 

 ing oxygen into the 

 lungs through the throat, 

 care must be taken that 

 the air does not escape 

 into the stomach. A 

 breathing apparatus de- 

 vised by Dr. S. J. Melt- 

 zer of the Rockefeller 

 Institute for Medical 

 Research prevents this 

 in two ways. The 



simpler method he uses 

 is to place a board on 

 the stomach and to hold 

 it firmly in place by 

 means of straps which 

 are passed around the 

 body. The board ex- 

 erts sufficient pressure 

 to make the entrance of 

 into the stomach 



air 



The apparatus consists of a throat 

 tube, a stomach tube and a bellows, 

 connected with the oxygen tank 



impossible. The other 

 method employs a tube inserted in the 

 stomach to remove any air that may enter 

 during the process. 



Dr. Meltzer's apparatus consists of a 

 throat tube which fits the mouth, prevent- 

 ing the escape of oxygen; a stomach tube, 

 and a bellows. The throat tube has a flat 

 side which rests against 

 the tongue, and a round 

 side — the upper side— 

 which reaches to the 

 wall of the throat and 

 prevents the oxygen 

 from escaping through 

 the nose by closing the 

 entrance to the air pas- 

 sages in the nose. A 

 rubber hose connects the 

 throat tube with the 

 bellows or bag and this, 

 in turn, is connected 

 with the oxygen tank. 

 The stomach tube 

 may be attached to the 

 end of the throat tube or 

 not, as the operator 

 desires. When it is not 

 used, the hole in the 

 throat tube to which it 

 is connected may be 

 closed by a plate. At- 

 tached to the throat 

 tube is a valve which 

 regulates the passage of oxygen into and out 

 of the lungs. The valve is controlled by a 

 ring, which when moved to the right causes 

 the oxygen to be forced into the lungs; 

 when moved to the left it causes the oxygen 

 to be expired from the lungs. The neces- 

 sary oxygen is given by the bellows. 



,RlNGWHIChn 

 CONTROUS^VALVX 



AIRTUBEi 



BOARD STRAPPED 

 OVER STOMACH 



The throat tube has a round upper side 

 which prevents the oxygen from escaping 



In case of failing circulation the board on 

 the abdomen will raise the blood pressure 



