Popular Science Monthly 



911 



Simply Turn the Faucet and the 

 Sausages Are Filled 



IX making sausages and bolognas the 

 meat is first chopped and highly 

 seasoned. Then it is forced under 

 pressure into a cylindrical case or skin. 

 After the sausage has been pre- 

 pared, it is placed in a large vat and 

 forced through a nozzle over which the 

 skin has been drawn by the op 

 erator. The illustrations show 

 how this is done. When the 

 valve is opened the 

 meat rushes into the hol- 

 low skin like water from 

 a hydrant into a fire 

 hose, distending the 

 skin and filling it out 

 to capacity. The sau- 

 sages are then tied and 

 are ready for the market 

 The preparation of the 

 skins is an elaborate proc- 

 ess involving many washings 



A Concrete Cooler Which Chills by 

 the Action of Evaporating Water 



A LARGE cylindrical compartment, five 

 feet in height and three feet in di- 

 ameter, with a 

 narrow door 



Photos by ljniver!.al Kiim Co. 



At the top is a concrete reservoir from which 

 the water overflows down the sides of the cooler 



The skin which is to be 

 filled is held tight over 

 the nozzle and the sausage 

 meat is forced into it 



mounted on metal 

 * hinges, all made of re- 

 inforced concrete, composes 

 the body of the cooler. Pass- 

 ing vertically through the cen- 

 ter of the cylindrical body is a piece 

 of metal piping upon which have been con- 

 structed, at uniform inter\-als, five flat, imi- 

 tation-porcelain disks which serve as shelves. 

 Both the upper and lower ends of the piping 

 rest in cup-shaped sockets so designed that 

 the pipe and its disk-shelves may be 

 readily turned. The shelves may thus be 

 caused to pass before the door opening with 

 the boxes and vessels upon them. 



To provide proper ventilation, two small 

 holes are cut in the sides of the body near 

 the top, and these are covered on the inside 

 with tine screen wire to keep out insects. 



The body is mounted on a flat concrete 

 plate raised about twelve inches off the 

 ground by supports. On the outer edge of 

 the surface of this plate, which extends 

 beyond the sides of the body, a shallow 

 groove has been made to contain a moat of 

 water. This moat forms a barrier to the 

 invasion of ground insects. 



The top of the body is surmounted with a 

 concrete reservoir which has to be filled 

 once a day with water. This water finds an 

 escape at the bottom of the reservoir 

 through four small valves which are set 

 diagonally opposite each other. The water 

 from the valves first spills into a small 

 trough surrounding the top of the body and 

 then overflows down the sides. The evap- 

 oration of this water as it spreads over the 

 cooler's sides keeps the inside of the 

 cylinder almost as cool as if ice were used. 



