NORTH CAROLINA FORESTRY ASSOCIATION 17 



Since they kill and leave a tree in thirty days or even more quickly, you 

 will never find their broods in old dead trees or trees from which the foliage 

 has fallen. You will find many other kinds of beetles in old dead trees, but 

 never this one. You will find this beetle in trees on which the foliage has 

 begun to fade to light green or has faded to yellow or greenish brown. In 

 fact, after November 1st, any dying or dead trees which retain their foliage 

 are apt to harbor the hibernating beetles, and in addition they are also found 

 in trees on which the foliage is green but which have pitch tubes on the 

 trunk — these trees fade later. 



After November the beetles remain in the trees and instead of coming out 

 in thirty days they don't come out till spring. You have them trapped. 

 That is the time to go after them. It is only necessary to cut down the trees 

 containing the beetles and destroy the bark in which the broods are spending 

 the winter. You do not have to destroy the wood, you do not even have to 

 destroy the tops and laps. Bear in mind that the beetles have left the old 

 dead trees from which the foliage has fallen. The old dead trees may be 

 totally disregarded in control operations. 



About destroying the bark in which the broods of the beetle are wintering, 

 it can be destroyed in several ways and in most cases in such a manner as 

 not to involve a direct expense. The tree in which the beetles are spending 

 the winter may be turned into cordwood. This cordwood should be burned, 

 however, and care should be taken to gather up the bark that falls in cutting 

 between November 1st and May 1st. These same kinds of trees may be turned 

 into timber, but the slabs with the bark on must be burned between November 

 1st and May 1st. There are other methods, but these are the principal ones. 

 In all methods the underlying principle is the same — the destruction of the 

 bark in which the broods of the beetle are wintering. 



You notice I have confined control operations to the winter. There is an 

 excellent reason for this. The cutting of any dead or living pine during the 

 summer months in a beetle infested country will attract the beetles from 

 three or four miles. They will go to some extent into the fresh felled green 

 timber, but the greater part of the attack will be against the surrounding 

 healthy timber. It is therefore a very dangerous thing to cut pine during the 

 summer unless every one in the neighborhood cuts their dying infested trees 

 at the same time and destroys the bark. Of course, when the beetle is under 

 control there should be no reason for not cutting timber at any season of 

 the year. 



I want to speak briefly on two popular errors. Some people will tell you 

 that the dying of the pine during the last summer was due to the drought. 

 Trees have been dying every month in the year in moist as well as dry lo- 

 calities, in wet weather as well as in dry weather. Drought is, therefore, out 

 of the question. Many people will tell you that the death of the pine is due to 

 the sawyer or borer. This is a natural mistake, because of the size of the 

 sawyer and the noise which it makes when at work. It is, nevertheless, a 

 mistake. It has long since been determined that this class of borer never 

 attacks a living, uninjured pine. It comes in while the beetle is working or 

 after the beetle has left the tree. 



We can divide the problems to be met into two divisions: The woodlot 

 proposition and the lumbering proposition. In the woodlot proposition the 

 owner uses his woodlot for his fuel supply. He can just as well use his in- 

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