FOREST TO PRINTING PRESS 57 



which cannot be conveniently handled by the 

 "sulphite" method, boils the wood chips under 

 pressure with caustic soda. 



The manufacture of groundwood pulp — that is, 

 the pulp obtained as above mentioned from grinding 

 alone — Is comparatively simple, but in addition to 

 its drawback in producing very short fibres, it re- 

 quires a tremendous amount of power and can only 

 be carried on where such power Is available and 

 cheap. Steam in sufficient quantity is usually too 

 expensive, so that direct water power or hydro- 

 electric development at the plant is absolutely essen- 

 tial. This has been an Important factor In deter- 

 mining the location of the chief pulp and paper 

 manufacturing centers. 



With Its favorable combination of wood supply, 

 adequate power, clean water and accessibility to the 

 market. New York State has been one of the leaders 

 In paper making. Maine, New Hampshire, Penn- 

 sylvania and Wisconsin belong in the same group, 

 while Virginia and West Virginia are not far be- 

 hind. In the central section of the country, Michi- 

 gan still leads, but we must skip over to the Pacific 

 Coast to find in Oregon the few other important 

 developments. There Is no doubt that the utiliza- 

 tion of southern pine mill waste under the 

 "sulphate" process, will tend to bring such states as 



