A M E R I C A X SYLVICULTURE 



and Nortliern Idaho, where it occupies the moister coves. Boles 

 very tapering; shade bearing. 



Libocedrus decurrens (White Cedar, Bastard Cedar) on west 

 slope of the Sierras at medium elevations, where the tree is mixed 

 with Abies concolor, Yellow and Sugar Pine. Regeneration easy, 

 often in places previously occupied by the Pines. 



Pinus lambertiana (Sugar Pine), with five needles in a sheath, 

 specific gravity less than that of Eastern White Pine (Pinus 

 strobus). The biggest Pine of the world. Very large cones. 

 Optimum in Sierras at 5,000 feet elevation; occurs often with 

 Sequoia, Libocedrus, Abies concolor. Yellow Pine, Pinus jeflfreyi. 

 The latter, a very close relative of ponderosa and distinguished 

 from it by bluish shoots and needles bent towards the shoots, 

 occupies the lower Sugar Pine belt. It prefers moist ground and 

 readies but one-half the size of ponderosa. 



Mayr groups the above trees as follows, according to their 

 demands on moisture: 



Demands on soil moisture: 



1. Libocedrus decurrens, 



2. Pinus jeffreyi, 



3. Abies concolor, 



4. Pinus lambertiana, 



5. Pinus ponderosa. 

 Demands on air moisture: 



1. Abies concolor, 



2. Pinus lambertiana, 



3. Pinus jeffreyi, 



4. Libocedrus decurrens, 



5. Pinus ponderosa. 



Abies grandis (White Fir of Northern Pacific Coast). The only 

 fir on Vancouver Island. Optimum at coast in Oregon where it 

 grows up to 300 feet high, standing alongsiae gigantic Oottonwoods; 

 extends eastward across the Northern Rockies, and is the first 

 Pacific fir met by the traveller going west on the Northern Pacific. 

 Requires moist soil. 



Abies concolor (White Fir of Colorado and of the Sierras). 

 Running south to the San Bernardino mountains, where it occupies 

 elevations of up to 10,000 feet. Traversing Nevada, it occurs in 

 Colorado (gardener's variety glauca). It accompanies Sugar Pine 

 and Bigtree. After Muir, always mixed with Abies magnifica, 

 occurring at altitudes ranging between 5,000 feet and 8,000 feet. 



Abies bracteata (Santa Lucia fir of high mountains) occurs in 

 Southern California in moist cool dells. 



