AMERICAN SYLVICULTURE 



Riicli — light deniander or intt>rniediate. 



Black Walnut — intermediate. 



Linden — shade bearer. 

 rx Umbrella tree — less light demanding than Yellow P()[)lar. 

 / "^ Cucumber — less light demanding than Yellow Poplar. 



Sycamore — medium shade bearer. 



Willows and Cottonwoods — light demanders. 



Li(|uidanibar — light deniander. 



Hickories — light demanders. 

 Western Conifers: 



Douglas Fir — intermediate. 



Ponderosa — light deniander. 



Nut Pines — intense light deniander. 



Lodgejiole Pine — intermediate. 



Sugar Pine — intense light deniander. 



Lawson Cypress — intense shade bearer. 



Tide-land Spruce — shade bearer. 



Redwood — shade beafer. 



Western Hemlock — intense shade bearer. 



Western Firs — intense shade bearers. 



Larch — intense light demander. 



Englemann's Spruce — shade bearer. 



Colorado Blue Spruce — shade bearer. 



Paragraph VII. Pure versus mixed woods. 



A. Conditions inviting pure ^voods and mixed woods. 



Conifers are more apt to grow in pure forests, owing to tlieir 

 greater modesty. Abroad, up to a very recent time, the desire of 

 the forester was to raise mixed woods, but quite recently the 

 ■" Danish propaganda " has turned tlio minds of some foresters back 

 to pure woods. 



Severe climatic conditions and poor soil conditions invariably 

 give one species the preponderance; for example: Bald Cypress rules 

 in the swamps of the South, Tamarack in those of the North; Nut 

 Pines prevail in the semi-arid regions of the Southwest; Long 

 Leaf Pine on poor sand in the South; Cuban Pine in half swamps of 

 the South; Red Spruce on the "Black Slopes" of New England; 

 White Spruce in Northern Canada; Lodgepole Pines on old burns; 

 Jack Pine on poor sand in the Lake States. 



Pure forests are sometimes in the interest of the owner, for 

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