AMERICAN SYLVICULTURE 



I. In case of Locust, etc., lack of thorns. 



II. In case of tap rooters (Walnut, Hickory, Oaks Avhere loss of 

 root fibre is great), rapid re-establishnient of the equilibrium pre- 

 viously existing between water-sucking power and evaporation. 



III. Certainty of planting the seedlings neither deeper nor 

 higher than they were in the nursery. 



. Conifers cannot be stump planted. 

 If stump plants of Ash or Maple are to be used, stumps one and 

 one-half to two inches high should be left. In the ease of Oak, the 

 stemlet should be cut off just above the point of differentiation. 

 Stumping seems practicable in the case of Chestnut as well, and is 

 often applied to Catalpa, Locust and Honey-Locust. Stumping is 

 objectionable on account of the rabbits eating the new shoots, or 

 where weeds are rank. 



D. Bunch planting is often practiced where very small seed- 

 lings, cheaply raised and not transplanted in the nursery, are there- 

 after exposed in the woods to atmospheric hardships or to damage 

 by animals. From two to thirty seedlings form a buncli planted 

 into one hole. Bunch planting, although losing favor with the 

 foresters abroad, is applied to German Spruce and Beech. 



E. Plants may be planted irregularly or else in triangles, 

 squares, rectangles. The advantage of an exact geometrical ar- 

 rangement, which may be obtained with the help of long planting 

 strings, bearing blue and red marks, are: 



I. Saving of time and expense. Each workman is kept busy by 

 the work of his neighbor, and none can fall behind. Supervision by 

 rangers is facilitated. 



II. The number of plants needed is easily found and the probable 

 expense is more accurately estimated. 



III. Small seedlings can be found easily thereafter in high weeds 

 or grass. 



IV. A regular plantation may be opened to pasture at an 

 earlier date. 



V. A mixture of species, and, later, underplanting are more 

 readily obtained. 



VI. The cleaning, thinning and pruning of the plantation is 

 facilitated. 



VII. Possibility of cultivation between the rows in prairies and 

 on abandoned fields. 



The triangular form gives at a given planting distance the 

 largest number of plants ]wr acre, distributes the growing space 

 equally, and is therefore said to raise cleaner stems. The arrange- 

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