AMERICAN SYLVICULTURE 



In the Southern states, even at Biltmore, planting in January 

 and February is very feasible, perhaps advisable in average years. 



Ball plants can be planted at any season of the year. 



In countries of periodical rainfall (California, Oregon, India and 

 Porto Rico) it is best to plant just before the beginning of the 

 rainy season. 



In swamps, summer planting or early fall planting is a 

 necessitv. 



Paragraph XXVI. Cultivation of plantations. 



A. Practice: The European forester cultivates his planta- 

 tions but rarely for the reason that his plantations are made 

 immediately after lumbering, when the rootwork and the stumps 

 on the ground render cultivation difficult. Under the prevailing 

 conditions of soil (humus, porosity), cultivation is usually not 

 required for the success of a plantation. Irregular plantations can- 

 not be cultivated. 



The forester afforesting sand lands obviously objects to 

 cultivation. 



The forester afforesting swamps finds cultivation impracticable. 



B. Advisability: Cultivation is advisable: 



^"Nniere there is neither humus nor rootwork in the ground; 



"S^Hiere the soil, like prairie soil, is compact and hard, lacking in 

 aeration, porosity, capillary power, hygroscopicity ; 



Where competing herbaceous weeds threaten to smother small 

 seedlings ; 



Where mice or soil breeding insects prevail, which are disturbed, 

 exposed or killed by continuous cultivation. 



C. Frequency. 



The forester may cultivate \ip to three times per annum, during 

 one, two or more years — sometimes till the leaf canopy overliead 

 secures for the soil a solid layer of humus by dense shading. 



D. Tools. 



A bull-tongue plow is used, on rougli ground, for plant rows 

 placed less than three feet apart. 



Cultivators are used, as in agriculture, where the soil is loose, 

 and where the rows are far enough ajiart and the ground is free 

 from stumps or roots or boulders. 



Hoes are used, where but a plant here and there requires culti- 



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