A il E R I C A X SYLVICULTURE 



b. Plants raised cannot be planted in the open without loss. 



c. Nurseries under tree cover suffer badly from mice and 

 squirrels and obtain insufficient rainfall. On the other hand, weeds 

 and grasses are kept down by the shelter overhead. 



Nurseries under tree cover form the exception, not tlie rule. 



II.. Shifting versus stationary nurseries. 



The advantages of stationary forest nurseries over shifting 

 forest nurseries are: 



a. Reduced cost of tilling. 



b. Reduced cost of fencing. 



c. Reduced cost of supervision. 



On the other hand, stationary nurseries suffer from: 

 L Excess of weeds. 



2. Higher cost of transportation of seedlings. 



3. Large needs of artificial fertilizing. 



4. Danger from mice, insects and fungi for which siich nurseries 

 act as incubators. 



For raising ball plants, the shifting nursery is imdoubtedly 

 best; otherwise the selection between shifting and permanent nurs- 

 eries depends on local conditions, such as the price of manure 

 and of fencing, charges for transportation, etc. Seed plantations 

 made on open ground are often used as shifting nurseries — especially 

 so in the case of Yellow Pines. 



Paragraph XXIX. Permanent nurseries in par- 

 ticular. 



A. Tlie size of "forest gardens" (the German word for 

 permanent nurseries) depends upon the quantity, the age and the 

 size of the seedlings annually needed; further, on the presence or 

 absence of transplanting beds, fallow beds and paths between the 

 beds. A regular forest management employs forest gardens fitted 

 with: 



I. Transplanting beds, their total size being equal to trans- 

 planting space by number of plants yearly needed by number of 

 years which the transplants are left in such beds. 



II. Seed-beds, their total size being equal to one-fourth of size 

 of transplanting beds for one age class by number of years which 

 the seedlings are allowed to stand untransplanted. 



III. Foot paths and roads equaling 30% of I and II. 



IV. Fallow beds equaling 100% of I, II, and III, if seedlings 



