A il E R I C A X S Y L V I C U L T U R E 



Remove the top layer of the soil, by peeling, and beat tlie dirt 

 ■out of the peeled sods onto the seed beds. Mix it with the dirt 

 of the underground in fall. In spring, burn the sods and other 

 vegetable matter at hand on the beds, mixing the wood ashes thus 

 obtained with the top soil. Spruce shall not be transplanted and 

 is to be used when two yeais old. Fir and all broad-leafed species 

 must be transplanted. 



D. Von Ueblagger luetliod: Regardless of species and age 

 and size, all seedlings are dug from all lieds, hefore the frost sets in, 

 and are kept in a heeled-in position, duly covered, all Avinter long. 

 The beds free from seedlings are impregnated and fertilized by the 

 atmosphere during winter. The seedlings are ready to outplant or 

 transplant at once in spring. The results obtained are excellent. 



Paragraph XXXV. Raising and planting hard- 

 wood seedlings. 



Beech: Usual age of plants fit for use, two to five years. 

 Transplants rarely used. Ball plants very successful. Bunch plant- 

 ing best, especially for underplanting. Do not cut stemlet to the 

 ground and avoid pruning. Planting in open clearings hardly suc- 

 cessful. Beech best for underplanting. Instruments' used are: hoe, 

 spiral spade, cleft irons. Almost light demander on poor soil. 

 Beech is exacting (good soil and moisture). 



Black Locust: Seeds should be planted two to two and one- 

 half inches deep, an exception from the usual rule as to the depth 

 of planting, considering the small size of the seed. Drills eight 

 inches apart. Germinating percentage of seeds very high. Seedlings 

 arc fit for planting when one year old. Usually, however, they 

 are left in the.seed bed for two years, and are then planted directly 

 in the open. The planting of stumps and fall planting are strongly 

 recommended. Plantations liandicaj)ped by twigboring moth 

 (Ecdytolopha species) and by voles. Locust grown in the open is 

 inferior to forest grown Locust. 



Liinden: Is usually planted in the open as a transplant three 

 to four years old, or as a ball plant two or three years old. Spring 

 planting. Good soil required. Pruning of branches a necessity. 

 Plantations in Biltmore made in '98 on splendid soil, but without 

 cover overhead, were slow to develop. 

 94 



