a:\ierican sylviculture 



I. The selection system applicable to stands in which trees of 

 all ages are represented. 



II. The clear-cutting system: 



a. Clear- cutting the whole stand (Schenck's cleared compart- 

 ment type). 



b. Clear-cutting up to 75-85% of the area, but leaving intact, 

 in large blocks up to 25-15% respectively of the original stand. 



c. Reserving scattered seed trees. 



d. Reserving groups of seed trees. 



e. Reserving thrifty standards. 



f. Clear-cutting in strips (Schenck's cleared strip type). 



g. Clear-cutting in patches (Schenck's cleared patch type). 



III. The shelterwood system: 



a. Cuttings distributed uniformly (Schenck's shelterwood com- 

 partment type). 



b. Cutting in groups (Schenck's shelterwood group type). 



c. Cutting in strips (Schenck's shelterwood strip type). 



The systems (viz., types) enumerated under II. a., b., c, d., 

 and e., cannot be considered to be a means by wiiich the forest 

 may be " systematically " reproduced. 



The following paragraphs are arranged to conform with the 

 view point given under "D." 



Paragraph XLII. Types in which lumbering pre- 

 cedes N. S. R. 



Where lumbering precedes regeneration, the area lumbered must 

 be reseeded from the borders of adjoining woods. With increasing 

 size of the area cleared of timber, the rapidity, the certainty and 

 the quality of regeneration rapidly decrease. The fact that such 

 regeneration is possible on a large scale, is readily proven by object 

 lessons in the primeval woods (Long Leaf Pine; Bald Cypress; 

 Lodgepole line; Douglas Fir) as well as in second-growth forests 

 (Wrhite Pine in Lake States; Yellow Pine in the south; Spruce in 

 the Karpathian Mountains). 



The chances for success depend on: 



A. The species, which must have light or winged seeds readily 

 carried about by the wind (many Pines, Spruces, Larches, Cotton- 

 woods, Birches, Yellow Poplar), and which must not require, during 

 their earliest stages of development, the presence of a shelterwood 

 overhead. 114 



