AMERICAN SYL\ I CULTURE 



Paragraph LVI. The advance growth selection 

 type of natural seed regeneration. 



A. This type is usually bastardized ^vitli tlie cleared and 

 with the shelterwood selection type. 



The selection by the forester of trees to be cut might be either 

 by single trees or by very small bunches of trees underlaid with 

 a carpet of advance growth covering about one-one-hundredth acre 

 of ground. 



The logging operations, as in all selection types, are exceed- 

 ingly scattering; indeed, they ought to continuously extend, as a 

 matter of theoretical principle, over the entire forest. 



None but shade bearers, notably Fir, Hemlock, Maple and Spruce, 

 are well adapted to the type of advance growth selection. 



The type, like the cleared and the shelterwood selection type, 

 renders the construction of an intricate network of roads neces- 

 sary. Every tree, so to speak — not every strip or every compart- 

 ment — must be continuously accessible. 



Since the cuttings are comparatively light, the removal of the 

 logs prepares the ground insufficiently for the conception of seed. 



An advance growth stands under very heavy shade for many 

 a year; usually in small bunches of a dozen specimens. Mis- 

 shapen seedlings and saplings, also those badly damaged during 

 logging operations, should be cut, or in the case of hardwoods cop- 

 piced. 



B. Actual application: 



Wherever the selection type is applied in Europe, it is pre- 

 eminently applied in the shape of advance growth selection type; 

 especially so in parks, in small farm wood lots and in protective 

 forests. Usually, every compartment (cove, slope) contains a wild 

 mixture of age classes of trees. The axe returns to a compartment 

 in intervals of from one to ten years. 



The Beech, although an intense shade bearer, develops very 

 branchy stems under such conditions (Beech forests in Bucking- 

 hamshire, England, or near. Louisville, Kentucky). 



In primeval nature, all or practically all scattering and sparse 

 species are subjected to seed regeneration of the advance growth 

 selection type. The accidental death of trees in the superstructure 

 allows a patch of advance growth found underneath to develop into 

 trees. 



Instances: White Oak and Scarlet Oak at Biltmore; Spruce on 

 hardwood slopes in tlie Adirondacks; Hemlock in the Maple woods 

 of Michigan. 



It is surprising to find that scattering species are regenerated 

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