THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



from storm and sleet must be badly dreaded after Borggreve thin- 

 nings. 



V. Wagener, at the year twenty-five of a forest, makes a 

 thinning called " crown-isolation," surrounding the crown of each 

 predestined tree with an air space two and one-half feet wide. 

 The dominating trees left after the Wagener thinning should stand 

 seven yards apart. Suppressed trees are not interfered with. Such 

 cuttings are much heavier than Borggreve's. At the year twenty- 

 five the bole of the dominators is not fully developed. The domi- 

 nators left stand in an orchard-like position and show a very rapid 

 diameter growth. Usually, but one log is expected to be obtained 

 from the bole; it is obtained, however, within an extremely short 

 rotation. 



Obviously, for coniferous woods exposed to storm and of poor 

 quality if wide ringed, the Wagener system is out of the question. 

 The Wagener thinnings, unless they result in a heavy growth of 

 adventitious branches, might be used to advantage for Black Wal- 

 nut, Black Cherry and Oaks. 



VI. American forestry has not had occasion to adopt a term- 

 inology descriptive of the various possible grades of thinnings. 

 We might distinguish: 



a. " Rectifications," correcting a previous negligence, to be sub- 

 divided as: 



1. " Burials,' removing the dead and the dying. 



2. " Rescues," meant to save from death some valuable mess- 

 mates. 



3. " Revivals," reviving a stand which has been kept overstocked. 



b. " Anticipations," anticipating the possibility of future crowd- 

 ing, to be subdivided as: 



1. "Incitements," when the growth is to be incited particularly. 



2. " Interferences," when the completeness of the leaf-cover 

 overhead is purposely destroyed. 



3. " Isolations," when the crowns of the individual trees are 

 purposely isolated. 



VII. In mixed forests such species as reach maturity during the 

 pole stage might be removed from a late-maturing remainder by 

 way of thinnings; e. g.. Locust and Sassafras from a pole wood of 

 Yellow Poplar; Hickory when reaching spoke bolt size from a mix- 

 ture with Oaks; Chestnut when reaching telephone pole size from 

 a mixture with Oaks, Black Gum and Yellow Poplar. 



151 



