THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



In the case of Yellow Pines, light fires seem even helpful to. 

 n. s. r. 



Since the valuable species form, however, the minority amongst 

 the seed- trees, the worthless and less valuable kinds usually prevail 

 in the young growth formed after culling. Cleaning and weeding 

 are required to improve the prospects of the minority composed of 

 noble species. Besides, improvement cuttings are indicated in the 

 culled forms : " The culled form is the form requiring improvement 

 •cuttings." 



The " aristocrats " removed by the axe return frequently after 

 a score or two of years, the rash "mob" then acting as nurse-trees 

 or as ushers. 



Wliere heavy and extensive fires have swept the culled forest 

 originally consisting of exacting species, patient waiting alone can 

 secure conditions more favorable to aristocratic regeneration. Fires 

 frequently convert a seed forest of hardwoods into a sprout forest. 



The younger age-classes sufl'er more from lire than the older 

 age-classes. A fire-swept, culled forest is deficient, at least tem- 

 porarily, in seedlings, saplings and small poles. A few years after 

 a fire, the culled forest often displays the features of the under- 

 planted form of high forest (Par. LXV. C. II. b.) or of the composite 

 forest (Par. LXXIII). 



C. Cultnred forms of seed forests: 



I. Characteristic for the cultured forms of the seed forests 

 is great uniformity; lack of hypermature, unsound and misshapen 

 aristocrats; lack of weed-trees; lack of coppice shoots; complete 

 •cover overhead; multi- or omni-vendibility ; permanent means of 

 transportation. 



The cultured forest does not require weeding or improvement 

 cuttings for the reason that cleanings and early thinnings have 

 prevented the development of weed-trees and wolf-trees, whilst the 

 hypermature veteran has been removed long ago. 



If the culled form is " the form of improvement cuttings," the 

 ■cultured form might be termed " the form of thinnings." 



II. Subdivision of cultured seed forests: 



a. Main cultured forms of seed forests: 



1. Even-aged cultured forms, when the age-classes mixed within 

 a, compartment differ by not to exceed twenty-five years. 



aa. Form emanating from the cleared compartment type of 

 Ti. s. r. 



bb. Form emanating from the short-time shelterwood compart- 

 Tnent type of n. s. r., the periods of regeneration not exceeding 

 twenty-five years. jgg 



