THE ART OF THE SECOND GROWTH 



mixture with Yellow Poplar on small abandoned fields of Pisgah 

 Forest to a limited degree. 



On the mountain tops, where Cliestnut stands in an orchard-like 

 position, seed occurs annually. Full mast years are rare. 



C. Hickories: 



I. Primeval forest: The Hickories appear regenerated in the 

 selection type and in the group type. 



II. Culled seed forest: The Hickories suffer badly from fires. 

 Fires do not kill the poles, but cause the butts to burst subjecting 

 them to decay. Weeding and heavy improvement cuttings ar-j 

 beneficial. 



III. Cultured seed forest: 



From the early pole stage on, the crowns should be placed in 

 a free position so as to cause the formation of wide rings. 



At Biltmore, the boles are apt to be very branchy, the tough 

 limbs being very persistent. 



In the mountains, on stronger soil, the boles clear themselves 

 readily. 



The Hickories regenerate by n. s. r. in abandoned fields in 

 mixture with Black C4um, Sassafras, Yellow Poplar, Locust, Oaks, 

 etc. 



In the plantations on abandoned fields at Biltmore, Bitternut 

 alone promises to be successful. The other species are badly handi- 

 capped by rodents and seem to be of very slow growth. 



The Hickories seem to be immune from damage by frost in 

 their native country; not so in Germany. 



Full seed years are not of record. 



D. AValnuts: 



I. Primeval forests: 



The walnuts appear in the primeval woods invariably in mix- 

 ture with other species, on strong soil, seemingly regenerated by 

 the selection type. 



II. Culled seed forests: 



The walnuts seem remarkably fireproof from the early pole 

 stage on. Seed regeneration is rare in the woods, but more fre- 

 quent on old deadenings close to habitations, where the squirrels 

 were held in check. 



III. Cultured seed forests: 



Without artificial help, n. s. r. seems very problematic. Under 

 any circumstances, the rodents must be kept off. 

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