AMERICAN SYLVICULTURE 



2. The form of culled copi)ice under standards raised in the 

 selection type. 



b. The leaf canopy of the standards covers a certain percentage 

 -of the ground. This percentage, where high, forces the underwoods 

 into a minor role; where small, it allots to the underwood the 

 major part. 



The Long-leaf Pine woods of the South, after lieavy culling, 

 illustrate the latter form; the Shortleaf Pine woods of the Bilt- 

 more Plateau exhibit the former form. These forms might be 

 designated as: 



1. The form of prevailing coppice under standards; 



2. The form of coppice under prevailing standards. 



c. According to the means of coppicing, there should be dis- 

 tinguished 



1. The form of fire-culled coppice under standards; 



2. The form of axe-culled coppice under standards. 



III. Treatment of culled forms of coppice under standards. 



Improvement cuttings and, where improvement cuttings cannot 

 be made, weeding are usually required. 



Fire coppice should be cut down, wherever the growth is 

 stagnant. 



An undue preponderance of standards may be checked by the 

 use of the axe. 



Planting of seedlings can usually be dispensed with. Where it 

 ■is advisable to plant seedlings, the coppice must be cut clean to 

 vbegin with. 



B. Cultured forms of coppice under standards: 



I. Characteristic for the cultured forms of coppice under stand- 

 ards is the lack of weed trees and of unhealthy standards; further 

 the geometric regularity of the figures considered as compartments 

 and sub-compartments. 



The overwood is composed of storm-firm and light-demanding 

 species. 



II. Subdivisions of cultured forms of coppice under standards. 

 As in the culled forest there should be distinguished: 



a. The form of cultured coppice under standards raised in the 

 -group type with 



1. Prevailing coppice, or Avith 



2. Prevailing standards. 



b. The form of cultured coppice under standards raised in the 

 selection type with 



ISS 



