AMERICAN SYLVICULTURE 



years. Improvement cuttings should make up the sustained yield, 

 as far as possible, in years of deficient seeding; or such compart- 

 ments should be taken in hand, in which the coppice growth is 

 richly beset with Pine poles and Pine saplings. 



In the course of the improvement cuttings, the nuclei of n. s. r. 

 of Pine require careful attention. Weeds like Chinquapin and 

 Black Gum are checked wherever they obstruct the underwood; 

 where they form part of the vmderwood, especially imder groups 

 of Pine, they should be thankfully accepted as shade-bearing im- 

 provers of the soil. 



White Pine is not adapted to the formation of standards. 

 During the earlier stages, it retains its branches badly where 

 isolated in Oak Coppice. During the later pole stage, it is apt 

 to suffer from windfall. Groups of White Pine standards will 

 answer better than standards individually scattered. 



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