1(»2 TIMBER TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



wood forests in the middle and the lower part of the Piedmont 

 plateau. Large trees are often hollow or red-hearted. 



The forest tent caterpillar, Cl^isiocampa disstria, Hiiebner, is 

 often destructive to the foliage, and much injury is also caused, 

 especially to young trees, by the oak pruner, Elaphidion villosum, 

 Fabricius. 



The leaves are inversely egg-shaped, thicker and less deei)ly 

 cut than those of the scarlet oak, and usually darker in color and 

 less polished. The small acorn, nearly half enclosed in a thick 

 scaly cup, contains a yellowisli and very hitter' kei-nel. 



The buds are thick, pyramidal, and downy. There are many 

 deeply penetrating lateral as well as superficial running roots. 



The wood is heavy, hard, strong, not tough, coarse-grained, lia- 

 ble to check in drying ; bright brown tinged with red in color; 

 the sapwood much lighter. It is used for cooperage, construction, 

 etc. The bark is largely used for tanning. Quercitron, a valua- 

 ble yellow dye, is derived from the inner l);n-k, which has astrin- 

 gent medicinal properties. 



It has been cut extensively throughout the Piedmont [dateau 

 for building material and cooperage, and locally the l)ark has 

 been employed to a considerable extent in tanning. 



Quercus catesbaei, Michaux. 



(fork-leaved BLACK-.IACK OAK. SAND HLACK-.JACK OAK. SCRUB 

 OAK. TURKEY OAK.) 



A small tree, with oval crown, numerous irregular droujnng 

 branches, and deeply farrowed black bark, reaching a height ot 

 about 50 and a diameter of 2 feet. 



It occurs iipon barren sandy hills and ridges fron] (Tutes 

 county, N. C, to central Florida, and along the coast to eastern 

 Louisiana. 



In this State (lig. 23, p. 09) it is common south of the Neuse 

 river in the pine barrens, where it lias a height of about 2U feet 

 and a diameter of S inches. 



Fork-leaved black-jack oak, generally bears fruit annually, and 

 seedlings are very abundant on dry sandy soil. Its growth is 

 rapid, but in North Carolina the tree seldom lives longer than 40 



