WHITE CEDAR. JUNIPER. 119 



antly. Youn^ trees are common on bottom lands along streams. 

 Stumps over 18 inches in diameter sprout'freely in the open. 



The leaves are broadly ovate, and serrate with large incurved 

 teeth. The winter buds are conical, shining brown, and of mod- 

 erate size. The Carolina poplar has numerous strong lateral 

 roots. 



The wood is very light, soft, not strong, close-grained, com- 

 pact, liable to warp, and hard to season ; dark brown in color ; 

 the thick sapw^ood nearly white. It is used for paper pulp, pack- 

 ing catecs, fence boards, and fuel. 



Thuja occidentalis, Linn*us. 

 (arbor vit.e.) 



An evergreen tree, of pyramidal habit, with a rapidly tapering 

 trunk furnished with numerous small branches at irregular inter- 

 vals, reaching a heiglit of 60 and a diameter of 5 feet, or at its 

 soutliern limits reduced to a very small tree or shrub. 



It occurs from New Brunswick to Lake Winnipeg, south to 

 New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Minnesota, and along the 

 Appalachian mountains to North Carolina, growing on wet soil. 

 It is very common in the North. 



In this State, where it is but a shrub or small tree, it is con- 

 lined to the mountains. 



The small blunt-pointed or awl-shaped leaves are thickly pressed 

 along the branch lets in 4 rows. The flowers are very minute. 

 The light brown cones are f inch lon^;, aiid each of tiie 6 to 12 

 oblong rounded scales protects 2 seeds. 



The wood is very light, soft, cot strong, brittle, and very 

 durable in contact with the soil; light brown in color; the thin 

 sapwood nearly white. It is used for fencing, telegraph pole?, 

 railroad ties, and shinglci^, and sometimes for cabinet work and 

 building. An oil distilled from the leaves has been used in pul- 

 monar}^ complaints. 



Cupressus thyoides, Linnteus.* 



(white cedar, -juniper.) 



A slender evergreen tree, witli numerous short spreading 



*ChamfBcyparis spheroid ea, 8pach 



