HUMAN POPULATION IN THE FUTURE. 525 



regulation ? Largely also : perhaps most largely. Eight con- 

 duct is usually come short of more from defect of will than 

 defect of knowledge. For the right co-ordination of those 

 complex actions which constitute human life in its civilized 

 form, there goes not only the pre-requisite — recognition of 

 the proper course; but the further pre-requisite — a due 

 impulse to pursue that course. On calling to mind our 

 daily failures to fulfil often-repeated resolutions, we shall 

 perceive that lack of the needful desire, rather than lack of 

 the needful insight, is the chief cause of faulty action. A 

 further endowment of those feelings which civilization is 

 developing in us — sentiments responding to the requirements 

 of the social state — emotive faculties that find their gratifi- 

 cations in the duties devolving on us — must be acquired 

 before the crimes, excesses, diseases, improvidences, dishones- 

 ties, and cruelties, that now so greatly diminish the duration 

 of life, can cease. 



Thus, looking at the several possibilities, and asking 

 what direction this further evolution, this more complete 

 moving equilibrium, this better adjustment of inner to outer 

 relations, this more perfect co-ordination of actions, is likely 

 to take; we conclude that it must take mainly the direction 

 of a higher intellectual and emotional development. 



§ 373. This conclusion we shall find equally forced on us 

 if we inquire for the causes which are to bring about such 

 results. <JTo more in the case of Man than in the case of 

 any other being, can we presume that evolution has taken 

 place, or will hereafter take place, spontaneously. In the 

 past, at present, and in the future, all modifications, func- 

 tional and organic, have been, are, and must be, immediately 

 or remotely consequent on surrounding conditions.'^ What, 

 then, are those changes in the environment to which, by 

 direct or indirect equilibration, the human organism has been 

 adjusting itself, is adjusting itself now, and will continue to 



