APPENDIX A. 



SUBSTITUTION OF AXIAL FOR FOLIAR ORGANS IN PLANTS. 



I append here the evidences referred to in § 190. The most 

 numerous and striking I have met with among the Umbelliferce. 

 Monstrosities having the alleged implication, are frequent in the 

 common Cow-Parsnep — so frequent that they must be familiar to 

 botanists ; and wild Angelica supplies many over-developments of 

 like meaning. Omitting numerous cases of more or less significance, 

 I will limit myself to two. 



One of them is that of a terminal umbel, in which nine of the 

 outer umbellules are variously transformed — here a single flower 

 being made monstrous by the development of some of its members 

 into buds ; there several such malformed flowers being associated 

 with rays that bear imperfect umbellules ; and elsewhere, flowers 



e 



being replaced by umbellules : some of which are perfect, and others 

 imperfect only in the shortness of the flower-stalks. The annexed 

 Fig. 69, representing in a somewhat conventionalized way, a part. of 



541 



