628 



SUBJECT-INDEX. 





Ascidians: multlaxlal development, 

 I, 165, 166; functional differentia- 

 tion, I, 202; composite individual- 

 ity of Doliolum, I, 247; self-fer- 

 tilization, I, 342; integration, II, 

 94, 96, 97; symmetry, II, 194; 

 origin of vertebrate type, II, 194, 

 598, 605. 



Ascomycetes, reproduction, II, 450. 



Assimilation: compared with rea- 

 soning, I, 81-7; a trait of vitality, 



I, 577. 



Asteroidea, radial symmetry, II, 

 196. 



Astronomy: growth of celestial 

 bodies, I, 135; Schleiden on indi- 

 viduality, I, 245; evolution, I, 

 432, 435; classification of stars, I, 

 444; rhythm of, and organic 

 change, I, 499-501, 557; law of 

 equilibration, I, 519-20; coopera- 

 tion of structure and function, 



II, 3. 



Atavism: occurrence of, I, 305-6 

 314; digital variation, I, 321-3. 



Atoms: use of term, I, 6, 31; ethe- 

 real undulations and oscillations, 



I, 31-5. 



Australia: settler's usages, I, 364: 

 ratio of jaw to skull in natives, I, 

 541. 



Axillary buds, origin and develop- 

 ment, II, 65-8. 



Axis: " neutral " of mechanics, II, 

 210; genesis of vertebrate, II, 

 212-6, 224-7. 



Bacteria: fission, I, 270; non-nu- 

 cleated, II, 20; rate of increase, 



II, 443. 



Baer, K. E. von: embryological for- 

 mula, I, 171, 172, 451, 453, 461, 

 466; zoological classification, I, 

 383; on animal transitions, I, 

 480. 



Balanophorw, inner tissue, II, 274. 



Bark: varied development, II, 247- 

 9; physiological differentiation, 

 II, 249-50, 258, 386. 



Basidiomycetes, reproduction, II, 

 450. 



Bat, infertility of, II, 473. 



Bates, H. W., protective mimicry 

 of butterflies, I, 398. 



Batrachia (see Amphibia). 



Bean, vascular system, II, 573, 

 591. 



Beaver, tail and co-adapted struc- 

 tures, I, 616. 



Bees (see Insects). 



Bcgoniacett: multiplication I, 224, 

 317, 442; individuality, I, 251; de- 

 velopment from scales, I, 282; 

 symmetry, II, 159, 166; develop- 

 ment, II, 271. 



Berkeley, M. J., indefiniteness of 

 mosses and ferns, II, 296. 



Bile, arrest of excretion, I, 209. 



Bilirubin and biliverdine, function 

 of, II, 330, 333. 



Biology: definition and divisions, I, 

 124-5; organic structural pheno- 

 mena, I, 125-7; also functional, I, 

 127-9; actions and reactions of 

 function and structure, I, 129-30; 

 genesis, I, 130-1; limited knowl- 

 edge of, I, 131; evolution, I, 432, 

 434; sociological analogies (see 

 Sociology). 



Biophors, Weismann's germ-plasm 

 units (see Weismann). 



Birds: flesh-eating and grain-eat- 

 ing contrasted, I, 68; growth and 

 expenditure of force, I, 142; size 

 of egg and adult, I, 144; limita- 

 tions on flight, I, 155; self-mobil- 

 ity, I, 175; temperature, I, 176; 

 functional and structural differ- 

 entiation, I, 201; food of starv- 

 ing pigeon, I, 215; viviparous- 

 ness, I, 271; heredity and pigeon 

 breeding, I, 305; atavism in 

 pigeon, I, 314; osseous varia- 

 tion in pigeon, I, 321; classifica- 

 tion, I, 392; migrations and 

 change of habits, I, 399, 402, 500; 

 distribution in time, I, 410; Dar- 

 win on petrels, I, 455; rudi- 

 mentary teeth, I, 457; vertebrae, 

 I, 471; II, 564; feather develop- 

 ment, I, 473; habits of water 

 ouzel, I, 485; egg shells and di- 

 rect equilibration, I, 526; bones of 

 waders and direct equilibration, 

 I, 527; fertility and nervous de- 

 velopment, I, 598; cellular con- 

 tinuity, I, 629; adaptation of 

 structure to environment, II, 12; 



