Xll 



CONTENTS. 



CHAP. PAGE 



X\ — Genesis, heredity, and variation — Concluded . . . .356 



XI. — Classification 374 



XII. — Distribution 395 



PAKT III.— THE EYOLUTIOK OF LIFE. 



I. — Preliminary 



II. — General aspects of thk special-creation-hypothesis 

 III. — General aspects of the evolution-hypothesis 

 IV. — The arguments from classification 

 V. — The arguments from embryology 

 VI. — The arguments from morphology 

 VII. — The arguments from distribution 

 VIII. — How IS organic evolution caused' 

 IX. — ^External factors . , . 

 X. — Internal factors 

 XI. — Direct equilibration 

 XII. — Indirect equilibration . 

 XIII. — The co-operation of the factors 

 XIV. — The convergence of the evidences 

 XIV^. — Recent criticisms and hypotheses . 



415 

 417 

 431 

 441 

 450 

 468 

 476 

 490 

 499 

 508 

 519 

 529 

 549 

 554 

 559 



APPEIS^DICES. 



A. — The general law of animal fertility 577 



B. — The inadequacy of natural selection, etc. .... 602 

 C. — The inheritance of functionally-wrought modifications: a 



summary 692 



D. — On alleged " spontaneous generation " and on the hypothesis 



OF physiological units 696 



