PEEFACE 



TO THE FIRST EDITION. 



It may be truly asserted that tlie rapid progress of the 

 physical sciences during the last three centuries has not 

 been accompanied by a corresponding advance in tlie 

 theory of reasoning. Physicists speak ianiiliarly of 

 Scientific Method, but they could not readily describe 

 what they mean by that expression. Profoundly engaged 

 in the study of particular classes of natural phenomena, 

 they are usually too much engrossed in the immense and 

 ever-accumulating details of their special sciences to 

 generalise upon the methods of reasoning which they 

 unconsciously employ. Yet few will deny that these 

 methods of i-easoning ouglit to be studied, especially by 

 those who endeavour to introduce scientific order into less 

 successful and methodical branches of knowledae. 



The application of Scientific Method cannot be re- 

 stricted to the sphere of lifeless objects. We must sooner 

 or later have strict sciences of those mental and social 

 phenomena, which, if comparison be possible, are of more 

 interest to us tlian puixdy material phenomena. But it 

 is the proper course of reasoning to proceed from the 

 known to the unknown — from the evident to the obscure 

 — from tlic. material and palpable to the subtle i-nd 

 refined. The pliysical sciences may tliereforc be properly 



